Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 screening
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Differentiating Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]
Overview
According to the National Caner Institute, screening for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 by imaging studies such as brain MRI and and abdominal CT, MRI are recommended every 3-5 year among patients with pituitary tumors and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors respectively. Biochemical tests such as serum prolactin, insulin-like growth factor 1, fasting total serum calcium, ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, fasting serum gastrin, chromogranin A, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and vasointestinal polypeptide are recommended every year among patients with pituitary tumors, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and primary hyperparathyroidism.
Screening
Screening and surveillance for MEN1 may employ a combination of biochemical tests and imaging. Available recommendations are summarized in the following table.[1]
Biochemical Test or Procedure | Condition Screened For | Age Screening Initiated (y) | Frequency |
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Serum prolactin and/or insulin-like growth factor 1 | Pituitary tumors | 5 | Every 1 year |
Fasting total serum calcium and/or ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone | Parathyroid tumors and primary hyperparathyroidism | 8 | Every 1 year |
Fasting serum gastrin | Duodenopancreatic gastrinoma | 20 | Every 1 year |
Chromogranin A, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, and vasointestinal polypeptide | Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors | <10years | Every 1 year |
Fasting glucose and insulin | Insulinoma | 5 | Every 1 year |
Brain MRI | Pituitary tumors | 5 | Every 3–5 year based on biochemical results |
Abdominal CT or MRI | Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors | 20 | Every 3–5 year based on biochemical results |
Abdominal CT, MRI, or endoscopic US | Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors | <10 | Every 1 year |