Sandbox/AL

Disease	Description	Clinical Findings	Diagnosis	Prophylaxis	Treatment
Pneumocystis Pneumonia	Caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii. 90% of cases occurred among patients with CD4+ <200 Incidence among HIV patients: 2-3 cases per 100 person-year	Subacute onset of progressive dyspnea, fever, nonproductive cough, and chest discomfort that worsens within days to weeks. Tachypnea, tachycardia, and diffuse dry rales are found in the physical examination.	Clinical presentation, blood tests, or chest x-rays are not pathognomonic for PCP.	Start TMP-SMX prophylaxys when CD4+ <200 cells/µL or history of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Discontinue prohylaxys when CD4+ is >200 cells/µL for >3 month.	TMP-SMX Administer adjunctive corticosteroids in patients with pO2 <70 mm Hg or arterial-alveolar O2 gradient >35 mm Hg
Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis
Cryptosporidiosis
Microsporidiosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Table adapted from Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents