Hypertensive nephropathy physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]
Physical Examination
Cardiovascular examination
- Signs of left ventricular hypertrophy
- Palpation
- Left ventricular heave.
- Shifting of apex towards the left.
- Ausculatation
- Loud S2
- Palpation
- Signs of congestive cardiac failure
- Appearannce
- Increased weight
- Ankle edema
- Dyspnea
- Neck examination
- Raised jugular venous pressure
- Abdominal examination
- Cardiac ausculatation
- S3 and gallop rhythm
- Pulmonary examination
- Rales from pulmonary edema on auscultation
- Decreased breath sounds and dullness to percuss.
- Appearannce
Ophthalmoscopy
- May show hypertensive retinal changes.