Sandbox: Ifeoma
Diseases | Anatomy | Shunt | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Imaging findings | Physical examination | Treatment | Complications | Additional findings |
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Patent foramen ovale | Failure of fusion of the septum primum and septum secundum leading to a flap valve opening. | *Right-to-left shunt
*More prominent with increased right atrial pressure. |
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Atrial septal defect | *Ostium secundum defect: Failure of the septum secundum to occlude the ostium secundum.
*Ostium primum defect: Failure of the ostium primum to fuse with the endocardial cushions. *Superior sinus venosus defect: The orifice of the superior vena cava overrides the atrial septum above the fossa ovalis. *Inferior sinus venosus defect: The orifice of the inferior vena cava overrides the left and right atrium. |
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Coronary sinus defect | |||||||||
Pulmonary ateriovenous fistula |
- Patent foramen ovale may be classified anatomically according to the shape of the tunnel using a real time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3D-TEE). It is classified based on the minimum overlap of the septum primum and septum secundum under valsalva maneuver.
- The table below shows the different tunnel types:
Patent Foramen Ovale Tunnel Type | Description |
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Type 1 |
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Type 2 |
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Type 3 |
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Diseases | Anatomy | Shunt | Symptoms | Physical Education | Diagnosis | Treatment | Complications |
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Type 1 |
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Type 2 |
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Type 3 |
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