Acute diarrhea risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

Risk factors

Most common risk factors for Acute diarrhea include:

  • Travel:
    • Bacteria: Examples: Enterotoxigenic E.coli ETEC, Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella.
    • Virus: Examples: Rota virus, Noro virus (Cruise ship diarrhea), Enteric Adenovirus.
    • Parasites and Protozoans: Examples: Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium, Giardia.
  • Epidemics and Outbreaks:
    • bacterial:Shigella, Vibrio cholerae
    • VIRAL:Noro virus, Rota virus.
    • Protozoan: Example: Cryptosporidium
  • Animal contact: Examples: Non typhoidal Salmonella, Campylobacter
  • Day care: Common organisms include Noro virus, Rota virus, Enteohemorrhagic E.coli EHEC
  • Poor sanitation and crowding
  • Food history:
    • Consumption of raw or undercooked meats,Fish, Canned foods, Raw eggs,Frozen food (Examples: Salmonella, STEC, Clostridium perfringens, L.monocytogenes)
  • Antibiotic use and Hospitalization:
  • Homosexual men
  • Immunosupression: HIV,CMV, Mycobacterium Avium complex, Medications, Transplant recipients.
  • Old age