Acute stress disorder causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Acute stress disorder may be caused by either experiencing, witnessing, or being confronted with one or more traumatic events.
Causes
Traumatic events that can cause acute stress disorder include the following:
- Directly experiencing the traumatic event,
- Witnessing the traumatic event
- Being confronted with one or more traumatic events
Approximately 6 to 33 percent of people who experience a traumatic event develop ASD. This rate varies based on the nature of the traumatic situation
Traumatic event | Type of traumatic event | Example of traumatic event |
---|---|---|
Traumatic events experienced directly, but not limited to | Exposure to war as a combatant or civilian | |
Threatened or actual violent personal assault | sexual violence, physical attack , active combat, mugging, childhood physical and/or sexual violence, being kidnapped being taken hostage, terrorist attack, torture
For children, sexually traumatic events may include inappropriate sexual experiences without violence or injury | |
Natural or humanmade disasters | earthquake, airplane crash, hurricane | |
Medical incidents | sudden, catastrophic events such as waking during surgery, anaphylactic shock
A severe life-threatening illness or debilitating medical condition is not necessarily considered a traumatic event | |
Severe accident | severe motor vehicle, industrial accident | |
Traumatic events witnessed, but not limited to | observing threatened or serious injury | |
unnatural death | ||
physical or sexual violence inflicted on another individual as a result of violent assault | ||
severe domestic violence | ||
severe accident | ||
war | ||
disaster | ||
witnessing a medical catastrophe involving one's child | a life-threatening haemorrhage | |
Being confronted with one or more traumatic events | ||
Traumatic events experienced indirectly through learning about the event are limited to close relatives or close friends | Events must have been violent or accidental
Death due to natural causes does not qualify When the stressor is interpersonal or intentional ( e.g, torture, rape), the disorder may be especially severe The likelihood of developing this disorder may increase as the intensity of and physical proximity to the stressor increase |
violent personal assault, suicide , serious accident, or serious injury |
Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic events | Child abuse, death | first responders collecting human remains, police officers repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse |