Myelodysplastic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis

Myelodysplastic syndrome Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Myelodysplastic syndrome from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Myelodysplastic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Myelodysplastic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Myelodysplastic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis
CDC on Myelodysplastic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis
Myelodysplastic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis in the news
Blogs on Myelodysplastic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis
Directions to Hospitals Treating Myelodysplastic syndrome
Risk calculators and risk factors for Myelodysplastic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nawal Muazam M.D.[2]

Overview

Common complications of myelodysplasia include progression to acute myeloid leukemia, bone marrow failure, infection, hemorrhage, and iron overload.

Natural history

If left untreated, patients with myelodysplastic syndrome may progress to develop weight loss, bone marrow failure, infection, hemorrhage, iron overload.

Complications

Common complications of myelodysplasia include:

• Progression to acute myeloid leukemia
• Bone marrow failure

• Infection
• Hemorrhage
• Iron overload

Prognosis

A variety of pathologic and risk classification systems have been developed to predict the overall survival of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and the evolution from myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia. Major prognostic classification systems include the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), revised as the IPSS-R; the WHO Prognostic Scoring System (WPSS); and the MD Anderson Cancer Center Prognostic Scoring Systems. Clinical variables in these systems have included bone marrow and blood myeloblast percentage, specific cytopenias, transfusion requirements, age, performance status, and bone marrow cytogenetic abnormalities.

IPSS

The IPSS incorporates bone marrow blast percentage, number of peripheral blood cytopenias, and cytogenetic risk group.

IPSS-R

Compared with the IPSS, the IPSS-R updates and gives greater weight to cytogenetic abnormalities and severity of cytopenias, while reassigning the weighting for blast percentages.

WPSS

In contrast to the IPSS and IPSS-R, which should be applied only at the time of diagnosis, the WPSS is dynamic, meaning that patients can be reassigned categories as their disease progresses.