Sandbox:Hannan
Molecular pathways and factors associated with osteoblastic activity | Association with multiple myeloma |
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Wingless and integration-1 (Wnt) signaling
Activation of Wnt pathway → binding of Wnt ligands to Wnt co-receptors LRP5/6 and one trans-membrane receptor of the FDZ family → formation of DVL–Axin–FRAT1–GSK-3β complex → translocation of β-catenin from cytoplasm to nucleus → activation of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors → ↑ bone formation and ↓ bone resorption
Formation of WNT ligand–receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) or the receptor-like tyrosine kinase (RYK)–FZD–DVL complex → activation of one of these 3 pathways: 1) Disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1)–RHO–RHO-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway; 2) RAC–Jun kinase (JNK)–RUNX2 pathway; WNT–Ca2+ pathway
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Dickkopf 1 (Dkk-1)
Sclerostin
Secreted frizzled related protein-2 (sFRP-2)
Periostin
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Transforming Growth Factor-β
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