Irritable bowel syndrome causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The most common cause of IBS is emotional disturbances, stress, adverse early life events, history of Inflammatory bowel disease, acute gastrointestinal infections. Less common causes of IBS include genetics and hormonal changes.

Causes

Common Causes

IBS may be caused by:

• Emotional disturbance or stress
• Adverse early life events
• Anxiety, depression
• History of acute GI infections e.g. Salmonella infection, Giardiasis
• Antibiotic use causing alteration of gut microflora
• History of gastrointestinal disorders like IBD
• Immune causes: history of IBD, Celiac disease, microscopic colitis

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of disease name include:

• Genetics
• Hormonal changes

Genetic Causes

• IBS is caused by a mutation of type V (alpha subunit) of SCN5A-encoded voltage gated sodium channel gene. Other genes such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and genes coding for superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15) are also involved.
• SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) in genes play an important role in host-microbiota interaction (TLR9, IL-6 and CDH1), immune activation and epithelial barriers.
• Genes involved in the regulation of hepatic bile acid synthesis such as a functional Klothoβ gene variant are mutated in IBS patients.
• Genome wide DNA methylation profiling is different in IBS patients, especially involving genes linked to neuropeptide hormone function and oxidative stress.