Multiple myeloma other diagnostic studies

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Biopsy and genetic testing may be helpful in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma.[1]

Bone Marrow Biopsy

  • Bone marrow biopsy is usually performed to estimate the percentage of bone marrow occupied by plasma cells.[2]
  • Examination of abnormal plasma in the bone marrow is the only way to confirm a diagnosis.[3]
  • The percentage of plasma cells is also used in the diagnostic criteria of multiple myeloma.[4]

Cytogenetic tests

  • Detects any chromosomal mutations occurring in multiple myeloma such as chromosome 13 deletion or chromosome 14 translocation.[5][6]
Karyotyping[7][8]
A sample of blood or liquid bone marrow (from a bone marrow aspiration) is examined under the microscope to look for changes in the chromosomes. Karyotyping can find large chromosomal changes like a missing chromosome.
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)[9][10]
FISH is a specific molecular genetic method used to identify chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic changes in cells using special DNA probes labelled with fluorescent dyes. FISH can find small chromosomal changes like a rearranged chromosome.

References

  1. Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  2. Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  3. Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  4. Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  5. Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  6. Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015
  7. Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  8. Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015
  9. Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  10. Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015


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