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| {{Thymic carcinoma}} | | {{Thymic carcinoma}} |
| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AL}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AL}} |
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| ==Classification==
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| * '''Squamous cell carcinoma:''' This subtype of thymic carcinoma is the most common and exhibits atypia with a clear-cut aspect of keratinization with keratin pearls as seen in squamous cell carcinomas. Squamous cell carcinoma lack of capsule and presents with necrosis and hemorrhage.
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| * '''Basaloid carcinoma:''' This subtype consists solid lobules of tumor cells with marginal palisading, without keratinization and a basophilic pattern due to an elevated nucleocytoplasmic ratio.
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| * '''Mucoepidermoid carcinoma:''' The characteristic features for this rare subtype is the presence of squamous and mucus producing cells, with moderate atypia. It has a mucinous macroscopic appearance.
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| * '''Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma:''' The morphology of this subtype resembles the nasopharingeal lymphoepitelioma, with syncytial growth of undifferentiated malignant cells.
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| * '''Sarcomatoid carcinoma (carcinosarcoma):''' It is also known as spindle cell thymic carcinoma, is an infiltrative neoplasm with large areas of coagulative necrosis and without a capsule. It is an uncommon tumor that affects patients between 40-80 years old.
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| * '''Clear cell carcinoma:''' Consist of cells with minimal nuclear atypia with a characteristic lucent cytoplasm and a lobulated architecture without sinusoidal vasculature (in contrast with the renal clear cell carcinoma)
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| * '''Papillary adenocarcinoma:''' It has a tubulopapillary pattern growth with cuboidal cells and Psammoma bodies may be present. Type A thymoma may be the origin of this subtype of carcinoma due an expression of malignant transformation.
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| * '''Carcinoma with t(15;19) translocation:''' It is an aggressive tumor with a translocation t(15;19)(q13:p13.1 )that has the characteristic presence of undifferentiated cells with high mitotic activity and squamous morphology.
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| * '''Neuroendocrine Carcinomas:''' The neuroendocrine thymic carcinomas are classified in 4 categories: typical, atypical, small cell and large cell carcinomas. The typical and atypical are categorized as well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, and the small cell and large cell carcinomas are categorized as poorly differentiated.
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| Classification of Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
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| {|class="wikitable" border="1"
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| ! Well Differentiated || Poorly Differentiated
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| | Typical Carcinoid || Atypical Carcinoid || Small Cell || Large Cell
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| |No necrosis; <2 mitoses per 2 mm2 (10 HPF || Necrosis present and/or 2-10 mitoses per 2 mm2 (10 HPF)|| Small cell cytology || Non-small cell NEC with >10 mitoses per 2 mm2 (10 HPF)
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| |'''Morphological Variants'''
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| |Spindle cell type
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| |Pigmented type
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| |With amyloid (extrathyroidal medullary carcinoma)
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| |Oncocytic/oxyphilic type
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| |Mucinous
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| |Angiomatoid type
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| |Combinations of the above variants
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| |-
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| |}
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| ==References== | | ==References== |