Ampicillin (injection): Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:51, 30 December 2013

Ampicillin
AMPICILLIN^® FDA Package Insert
Description
Clinical Pharmacology
Microbiology
Indications and Usage
Contraindications
Warnings and Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Overdosage
Dosage and Administration
How Supplied
Labels and Packages

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Moubarak, M.D. [2]

Overview

Ampicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that has been used extensively to treat bacterial infections since 1961. It is considered part of the aminopenicillin family and is roughly equivalent to amoxicillin in terms of spectrum and level of activity.^[1] It can sometimes result in allergic reactions that range in severity from a rash (e.g. patients with mononucleosis) to potentially lethal anaphylaxis.

US Brand Names

AMPICILLIN^®

FDA Package Insert

Mechanism of Action

Belonging to the penicillin group of beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin is able to penetrate Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. It differs from penicillin only by the presence of an amino group. The amino group helps the drug penetrate the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase. Transpeptidase is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls.^[1] It inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis, which ultimately leads to cell lysis.

External links

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 AHFS DRUG INFORMATION® 2006 (2006 ed ed.). American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2006.CS1 maint: Extra text (link)

Adapted from the FDA Package Insert.

[AHFS-1] 1.0 ^1.1 AHFS DRUG INFORMATION® 2006 (2006 ed ed.). American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2006.CS1 maint: Extra text (link)

[1]

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 {{Ampicillin}}
 {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MM}}
 ==Overview==
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 ==FDA Package Insert==
-'''[[XXXXX description|Description]]'''
+'''[[Ampicillin description|Description]]'''
-'''| [[XXXXX clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
+'''| [[Ampicillin clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
-'''| [[XXXXX microbiology|Microbiology]]'''
+'''| [[Ampicillin microbiology|Microbiology]]'''
-'''| [[XXXXX indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
+'''| [[Ampicillin indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
-'''| [[XXXXX contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
+'''| [[Ampicillin contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
-'''| [[XXXXX warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
+'''| [[Ampicillin warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
-'''| [[XXXXX adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
+'''| [[Ampicillin adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
-'''| [[XXXXX overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
+'''| [[Ampicillin overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
-'''| [[XXXXX clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]'''
+'''| [[Ampicillin clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]'''
-'''| [[XXXXX dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
+'''| [[Ampicillin dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
-'''| [[XXXXX compatibility reconstitution and stability|Compatibility, Reconstitution, and Stability]]'''
+'''| [[Ampicillin compatibility reconstitution and stability|Compatibility, Reconstitution, and Stability]]'''
-'''| [[XXXXX directions for use|Directions For Use]]'''
+'''| [[Ampicillin directions for use|Directions For Use]]'''
-'''| [[XXXXX how supplied|How Supplied]]'''
+'''| [[Ampicillin how supplied|How Supplied]]'''
-'''| [[XXXXX labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''
+'''| [[Ampicillin labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''
 ==Mechanism of Action==
 Belonging to the [[penicillin]] group of beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin is able to penetrate [[Gram-positive]] and some [[Gram-negative]] bacteria. It differs from penicillin only by the presence of an [[amino]] group. The amino group helps the drug penetrate the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase. Transpeptidase is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls.<ref name=AHFS/> It inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial [[cell wall]] synthesis, which ultimately leads to cell [[lysis]].
-===Use in research===
-Ampicillin is often used in [[molecular biology]] as a test for the uptake of [[gene]]s (e.g., by [[plasmid]]s) by bacteria (e.g., ''[[E. coli]]''). A gene that is to be inserted into a bacterium is coupled to a gene coding for an ampicillin resistance (in ''E. coli'', usually the ''bla'' gene, coding for [[beta-lactamase|β-lactamase]]). The treated bacteria are then grown on a medium containing ampicillin. Only the bacteria that successfully take up the desired genes become ampicillin resistant, and therefore contain the other desired gene as well.
 ==External links==