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| {{SI}}
| | #REDIRECT: [[Atrial fibrillation surgical ablation]] |
| {{CMG}}
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| ==Overview==
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| The '''Cox maze procedure''' is a type of [[cardiac surgery|heart surgery]] for [[atrial fibrillation]].
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| James Cox, MD, and associates developed the "maze" or "Cox maze" procedure, an "open-heart" [[cardiac surgery]] procedure intended to eliminate [[atrial fibrillation]] (AF), and performed the first one in 1987.<ref name="Cox 1991">{{cite journal | author = Cox J, Schuessler R, D'Agostino H, Stone C, Chang B, Cain M, Corr P, Boineau J | title = The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. III. Development of a definitive surgical procedure. | journal = J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | volume = 101 | issue = 4 | pages = 569-83 | year = 1991 | id = PMID 2008095}}</ref> "Maze" refers to the series of incisions arranged in a maze-like pattern in the [[atria]]. The intention was to eliminate AF by using incisional scars to block abnormal electrical circuits (atrial macroreentry) that AF requires. This required an extensive series of [[endocardial]] (from the inside of the heart) incisions through both atria, a median sternotomy (vertical incision through the breastbone) and cardiopulmonary bypass (heart-lung machine; [[extracorporeal circulation]]). A series of improvements were made, culminating in 1992 in the Cox maze III procedure, which is now considered to be the "gold standard" for effective surgical cure of AF. It was quite successful in eliminating AF, but had drawbacks as well.<ref name="Prasad 2003">{{cite journal | author = Prasad S, Maniar H, Camillo C, Schuessler R, Boineau J, Sundt T, Cox J, Damiano R | title = The Cox maze III procedure for atrial fibrillation: long-term efficacy in patients undergoing lone versus concomitant procedures. | journal = J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | volume = 126 | issue = 6 | pages = 1822-8 | year = 2003 | id = PMID 14688693}}</ref> The Cox maze III is sometimes referred to as the "Traditional maze", the "cut and sew maze", or simply the "maze".
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| {{Cardiac surgery}}
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| [[Category:Cardiac electrophysiology]]
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| [[Category:Cardiology]]
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