|
|
Line 15: |
Line 15: |
| {{familytree/end}} | | {{familytree/end}} |
|
| |
|
| ===Pre-renal (compromise in the renal blood flow)===
| | * Pre-renal |
| * [[Hypovolemia]] (decreased blood volume) -
| | ** Compromise in the renal blood flow |
| ** [[Shock (medical)|Shock]], [[hemorrhage]], [[burns]], [[dehydration]]
| | * Renal |
| ** Fluid loss from [[diuretic]]s use, [[diabetes mellitus]], [[hypoadrenalism]]
| | ** Damage to the kidney itself |
| ** Gastrointestinal fluid loss: [[vomiting]], surgical drainage, [[diarrhea]]
| | * Post-renal |
| ** Extra-vascular space sequestration: [[pancreatitis]], [[hypoalbuminemia]], [[peritonitis]], [[trauma]], [[burns]]
| | ** Obstructive causes in the urinary tract |
| *Low cardiac output -
| |
| ** [[Cardiac arrhthymia]]'s
| |
| ** [[Congestive heart failure]]: [[left ventricular failure]], [[right ventricular failure]] | |
| ** Valvular disorders: severe [[aortic stenosis]]
| |
| ** Severe [[pulmonary hypertension]], massive [[pulmonary emobolism]]
| |
| * Systemic vasodilatation -
| |
| ** [[Anaphylaxis]]
| |
| ** [[Sepsis]]
| |
| ** [[Antihypertensives]]
| |
| * [[Hepatorenal syndrome]] in which renal [[perfusion]] is compromised in [[liver failure]] ([[cirrhosis]] with [[ascites]])
| |
| * Vascular problems -
| |
| ** [[Atheroembolic disease]]
| |
| ** [[Renal vein thrombosis]] (which can occur as a complication of the [[nephrotic syndrome]])
| |
| ** Renal [[hypoperfusion]] from [[cyclooxygenase inhibitors]], [[ACE inhibitors]] | |
| ** Renal [[vasoconstriction]] from [[hypercalcemia]], [[cyclosporine]], [[tacrolimus]] and [[amphotericin B]]
| |
| * [[Hyperviscosity syndrome]] -
| |
| ** [[Multiple myeloma]]
| |
| ** [[Polycythemia]]
| |
| ** [[Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]]
| |
| ===Renal (damage to the kidney itself)===
| |
| * Diseases affecting the renal vasculature - | |
| ** Renal arterial obstruction: [[atherosclerosis]], [[dissecting aneurysm]], [[thrombosis]], [[embolism]]
| |
| ** Renal venous obstruction: [[thrombosis]] of the [[veins]]
| |
| * Diseases affecting the [[renal glomeruli]] -
| |
| ** [[Glomerulonephritis]], which may be due to a variety of causes, such as [[anti glomerular basement membrane disease]]/ [[Goodpasture's syndrome]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]] or acute [[lupus nephritis]] with [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]
| |
| ** [[Vasculitis]]
| |
| ** [[Accelerated hypertension]]
| |
| ** [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
| |
| * [[Acute tubular necrosis]] from
| |
| ** [[Ischemia]] - Same causes as for pre-renal failure
| |
| ** Toxins - [[Radiocontrast agents]], [[aminoglycosides]], [[cisplatin]], [[acetaminophen]], [[myoglobin]] from [[rhabdomyolysis]], [[hemosiderin]] from [[hemolysis]], [[light chain immunolobulins]] in [[multiple myeloma]], [[uric acid]] crystals, etc.
| |
| * [[Interstitial nephritis]]
| |
| ** Infections: [[Acute pyelonephritis]], [[cytomegalovirus]] infection, etc. | |
| ** Allergic: [[Penicillin]]'s, [[sulphonamides]], [[rifampin]], [[diuretic agents]], [[ACE inhibitors]]
| |
| ** Infiltration: Malignancies ([[leukemia]]s and [[lymphoma]]'s)
| |
| * [[Graft rejection]]
| |
| | |
| ===Post-renal (obstructive causes in the urinary tract)===
| |
| Due to:
| |
| * Ureteric:
| |
| ** [[Ureteric calculi]]
| |
| ** [[Blood clot]]
| |
| ** Sloughed renal pappilae
| |
| ** External compression ([[retroperitoneal fibrosis]])
| |
| * Bladder:
| |
| ** [[Medication]] interfering with normal bladder emptying
| |
| ** [[Neurogenic bladder]]
| |
| *** [[Syringomyelia]]
| |
| *** [[Tabes dorsalis]]
| |
| *** [[Neurosyphilis]]
| |
| *** [[Multiple sclerosis]]
| |
| ** [[Benign prostatic hypertrophy]] or [[prostate cancer]].
| |
| * Urethal:
| |
| ** Obstructed urinary catheter
| |
| ** [[Urethral stricture]]s
| |
| ** [[Phimosis]]
| |
| ** [[Poterior urethral valve]]
| |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |