Gardnerella: Difference between revisions
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== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
'''Gardnerella''' is a [[genus]] of [[Gram staining|gram-variable]] [[bacteria]] of which '''Gardnerella vaginalis''' is the only species. Gardnerella vaginalis can cause [[bacterial vaginosis]] in some women. | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
====Culture==== | |||
Once classified as a species of ''[[Haemophilus]]'', ''G. vaginalis'' grows as small, circular, convex, gray colonies on chocolate [[Agar plate|agar]]; it will also grow on HBT agar. A selective medium for ''G. vaginalis'' is [[colistin]]-oxolinic acid blood agar. | Once classified as a species of ''[[Haemophilus]]'', ''G. vaginalis'' grows as small, circular, convex, gray colonies on chocolate [[Agar plate|agar]]; it will also grow on HBT agar. A selective medium for ''G. vaginalis'' is [[colistin]]-oxolinic acid blood agar. | ||
While typically isolated in [[Sex organ|genital]] cultures, it may also be detected from other sources, such as [[blood]], [[urine]] and [[pharynx]]. Although a chief cause of bacterial vaginosis, it may be isolated from women without any signs or symptoms of infection. | While typically isolated in [[Sex organ|genital]] cultures, it may also be detected from other sources, such as [[blood]], [[urine]] and [[pharynx]]. Although a chief cause of bacterial vaginosis, it may be isolated from women without any signs or symptoms of infection. | ||
====Microscopy==== | |||
Under the [[microscope]] it appears as a [[gram-negative]] rod, although it has been reported to have a [[gram-positive]] cell wall. It is associated microscopically with [[clue cell]]s, which are [[epithelial cell]]s covered in bacteria. | |||
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Shown below is an image of clue cells | |||
[[Image:Clue_cells_(Gardnerella_Vaginalis).jpg|thumb|left|Clue cells (Gardnerella Vaginalis) <ref>http://picasaweb.google.com/mcmumbi/USMLEIIImages</ref>]] | |||
====Reactions==== | |||
Infections with ''G. vaginalis'' go along with [[proteolysis]], giving nitrous products such as [[cadaverine]]s and [[putrescine]]s, which can cause a bad smell and loss of water. | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
One method of treatment is [[metronidazole]]. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} |
Revision as of 19:00, 7 December 2012
Gardnerella | ||||||||||||
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Scientific classification | ||||||||||||
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Binomial name | ||||||||||||
Gardnerella vaginalis (Gardner and Dukes 1955) Greenwood and Pickett 1980 |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Gardnerella is a genus of gram-variable bacteria of which Gardnerella vaginalis is the only species. Gardnerella vaginalis can cause bacterial vaginosis in some women.
Diagnosis
Laboratory Findings
Culture
Once classified as a species of Haemophilus, G. vaginalis grows as small, circular, convex, gray colonies on chocolate agar; it will also grow on HBT agar. A selective medium for G. vaginalis is colistin-oxolinic acid blood agar.
While typically isolated in genital cultures, it may also be detected from other sources, such as blood, urine and pharynx. Although a chief cause of bacterial vaginosis, it may be isolated from women without any signs or symptoms of infection.
Microscopy
Under the microscope it appears as a gram-negative rod, although it has been reported to have a gram-positive cell wall. It is associated microscopically with clue cells, which are epithelial cells covered in bacteria.
Shown below is an image of clue cells
![](/images/7/7a/Clue_cells_%28Gardnerella_Vaginalis%29.jpg)
Reactions
Infections with G. vaginalis go along with proteolysis, giving nitrous products such as cadaverines and putrescines, which can cause a bad smell and loss of water.
Treatment
Medical Therapy
One method of treatment is metronidazole.