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{{Yaws}}


{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}


==Overview==
==[[Yaws overview|Overview]]==
'''Yaws''' (also '''Pétasse tropica''', '''thymosis''', '''polypapilloma tropicum''' or '''pian''') is a tropical [[infection]] of the [[skin]], [[bone]]s and joints caused by the [[spirochete]] [[bacterium]] ''Treponema pertenue''. Other treponematosis diseases are [[bejel]] (''Treponema endemicum''), [[pinta (disease)|pinta]] (''Treponema carateum''), [[syphilis]] (''Treponema pallidum''), and [[Lyme Disease]] (''Borrelia burgdorferi'')


==Epidemiology==
==[[Yaws historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
The disease is transmitted by skin contact with infected individuals or eye gnats, the spirochete entering through an existing cut or similar damage. Within ninety days (but usually less than a month) of infection a painless but distinctive 'mother yaw' [[ulcer]] appears. These tracts heal with [[keloid]] formation which can cause deformities, disabilities and limb contractures. The bone lesions caused are [[periostitis]], osteitis, and [[osteomyelitis]], damage to the [[tibia]] can lead to a condition known as sabre shins. In a very few cases a condition known as ''goundou'' is caused where growths on the nasal maxillae can result in extensive and severe damage to the nose and palate.


The largest group afflicted by yaws are children aged 6 to 10 years in tropical areas of the Americas, Africa, Asia or Oceania. There were [[World Health Organization]] funded campaigns against yaws from 1954 to 1963 which greatly reduced the incidence of the disease, although more recently numbers have risen again.
==[[Yaws classification|Classification]]==


The disease is identified from blood tests or by a lesion sample through a darkfield examination under a microscope. Treatment is by a single dose of [[penicillin]], [[erythromycin]] or [[tetracycline]], recurrence or relapse is uncommon.
==[[Yaws pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


Examination of ancient remains has led to the suggestion that yaws has affected hominids for the last 1.5 million years. The current name is believed to be of Carib origin, "yaya" meaning sore; frambesia is a Modern Latin word inspired by the French word ''Pétasse'' ("raspberry").
==[[Yaws causes|Causes]]==


==Occurrence==
==[[Yaws differential diagnosis|Differentiating Yaws from other Diseases]]==


Yaws was nearly eradicated by a worldwide treatment program in the 1950s, which reduced the number of sufferers of yaws from an estimated 50 million to nearly zero. However, the [[World Health Organization]] reported in January 2007 that yaws is on the rise again, with roughly a half a million sufferers, mostly in poor, rural areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,246758,00.html|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=[[January 25]], [[2007]]|accessdate=2007-01-25|title=WHO: Flesh-Eating Disease Making Comeback}}</ref>
==[[Yaws epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


== References ==
==[[Yaws risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
<references/>
 
* McNeill, Katie H. "''Plagues and People''." Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., New York, NY, 1976, ISBN 0-385-12122-9.
==[[Yaws natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
{{Spirochetal diseases}}
 
==Diagnosis==
 
[[Yaws history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Yaws physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Yaws laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Yaws other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Yaws other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
 
[[Yaws medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Yaws primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Yaws secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Yaws cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Yaws future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Yaws case study one|Case #1]]


[[fr:Pian (médecine)]]
[[fr:Pian (médecine)]]

Revision as of 14:40, 3 October 2012

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Yaws Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Yaws from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Yaws

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Yaws from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1


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