Tetanus historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Although records from antiquity (5th century BCE) contain clinical descriptions of tetanus, it was Carle and Rattone in 1884 who first produced tetanus in animals by injecting them with [[pus]] from a fatal human tetanus case. During the same year, Nicolaier produced tetanus in animals by injecting them with samples of soil. In 1889, Kitasato isolated the [[organism]] from a human victim, showed that it produced [[disease]] when injected into animals, and reported that the toxin could be neutralized by specific [[antibodies]]. In 1897, Nocard demonstrated the protective effect of passively transferred [[antitoxin]], and [[passive immunization]] in humans was used for treatment and [[prophylaxis]] during World War I. Tetanus [[toxoid]] was developed by Descombey in 1924. It was first widely used during World War II. | Although records from antiquity (5th century BCE) contain clinical descriptions of tetanus, it was Carle and Rattone in 1884 who first produced tetanus in animals by injecting them with [[pus]] from a fatal human tetanus case. During the same year, Nicolaier produced tetanus in animals by injecting them with samples of soil. In 1889, Kitasato isolated the [[organism]] from a human victim, showed that it produced [[disease]] when injected into animals, and reported that the toxin could be neutralized by specific [[antibodies]]. In 1897, Nocard demonstrated the protective effect of passively transferred [[antitoxin]], and [[passive immunization]] in humans was used for treatment and [[prophylaxis]] during World War I. Tetanus [[toxoid]] was developed by Descombey in 1924. It was first widely used during World War II. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 19:16, 20 April 2012
Overview
Although records from antiquity (5th century BCE) contain clinical descriptions of tetanus, it was Carle and Rattone in 1884 who first produced tetanus in animals by injecting them with pus from a fatal human tetanus case. During the same year, Nicolaier produced tetanus in animals by injecting them with samples of soil. In 1889, Kitasato isolated the organism from a human victim, showed that it produced disease when injected into animals, and reported that the toxin could be neutralized by specific antibodies. In 1897, Nocard demonstrated the protective effect of passively transferred antitoxin, and passive immunization in humans was used for treatment and prophylaxis during World War I. Tetanus toxoid was developed by Descombey in 1924. It was first widely used during World War II.