Tetanus overview: Difference between revisions
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'''Tetanus''' is a medical condition that is characterized by a prolonged contraction of [[skeletal muscle]] fibers. The primary symptoms are caused by [[tetanospasmin]], a [[neurotoxin]] produced by the [[Gram-positive]], obligate [[Anaerobic organism|anaerobic bacterium]] ''[[Clostridium tetani]]''. Infection generally occurs through wound contamination, and often involves a cut or deep puncture wound. As the infection progresses, muscle spasms in the jaw develop hence the common name, '''lockjaw'''. This is followed by difficulty swallowing and general muscle stiffness and spasms in other parts of the body.<ref name="Baron">{{cite book | author = Wells CL, Wilkins TD | title = Clostridia: Sporeforming Anaerobic Bacilli. ''In:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology ''(Baron S ''et al'', eds.)| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | id = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.1099 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref> Infection can be prevented by proper immunization and by post-exposure [[prophylaxis]].<ref name="CDC">{{cite web | title=Tetanus | work=CDC Pink Book | url=http://www.cdc.gov/niP/publications/pink/tetanus.pdf | accessdate=2007-01-26}}</ref> | '''Tetanus''' is a medical condition that is characterized by a prolonged contraction of [[skeletal muscle]] fibers. The primary symptoms are caused by [[tetanospasmin]], a [[neurotoxin]] produced by the [[Gram-positive]], obligate [[Anaerobic organism|anaerobic bacterium]] ''[[Clostridium tetani]]''. Infection generally occurs through wound contamination, and often involves a cut or deep puncture wound. As the infection progresses, muscle spasms in the jaw develop hence the common name, '''lockjaw'''. This is followed by difficulty swallowing and general muscle stiffness and spasms in other parts of the body.<ref name="Baron">{{cite book | author = Wells CL, Wilkins TD | title = Clostridia: Sporeforming Anaerobic Bacilli. ''In:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology ''(Baron S ''et al'', eds.)| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | id = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.1099 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref> Infection can be prevented by proper immunization and by post-exposure [[prophylaxis]].<ref name="CDC">{{cite web | title=Tetanus | work=CDC Pink Book | url=http://www.cdc.gov/niP/publications/pink/tetanus.pdf | accessdate=2007-01-26}}</ref> | ||
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The clinical manifestations of tetanus are caused when tetanus toxin blocks inhibitory nerve impulses, by interfering with the release of [[neurotransmitter]]s. This leads to unopposed muscle contraction and spasm. [[Seizures]] may occur, and the [[autonomic nervous system]] may also be affected. The term ''[[tetany]]'' refers to sustained muscle contraction that is ''not'' caused by tetanus. | The clinical manifestations of tetanus are caused when tetanus toxin blocks inhibitory nerve impulses, by interfering with the release of [[neurotransmitter]]s. This leads to unopposed muscle contraction and spasm. [[Seizures]] may occur, and the [[autonomic nervous system]] may also be affected. The term ''[[tetany]]'' refers to sustained muscle contraction that is ''not'' caused by tetanus. | ||
Revision as of 19:05, 20 April 2012
Tetanus is a medical condition that is characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers. The primary symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by the Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani. Infection generally occurs through wound contamination, and often involves a cut or deep puncture wound. As the infection progresses, muscle spasms in the jaw develop hence the common name, lockjaw. This is followed by difficulty swallowing and general muscle stiffness and spasms in other parts of the body.[1] Infection can be prevented by proper immunization and by post-exposure prophylaxis.[2]
The clinical manifestations of tetanus are caused when tetanus toxin blocks inhibitory nerve impulses, by interfering with the release of neurotransmitters. This leads to unopposed muscle contraction and spasm. Seizures may occur, and the autonomic nervous system may also be affected. The term tetany refers to sustained muscle contraction that is not caused by tetanus.
References
- ↑ Wells CL, Wilkins TD (1996). Clostridia: Sporeforming Anaerobic Bacilli. In: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.) (4th ed. ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
- ↑ "Tetanus" (PDF). CDC Pink Book. Retrieved 2007-01-26.