Heart murmur (patient information): Difference between revisions
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==What causes of heart murmur?== | ==What causes of heart murmur?== | ||
* If it is innocent murmur that means a normal heart. it is common in newborns and children. | *If it is innocent murmur that means a normal heart. it is common in newborns and children. | ||
* An abnormal heart murmur is more serious. In children, usually the cause congenital heart disease. In adults, it is due to acquired heart valve problems. | *An abnormal heart murmur is more serious. In children, usually the cause congenital heart disease. In adults, it is due to acquired heart valve problems. | ||
=== Innocent heart murmurs === | ===Innocent heart murmurs=== | ||
* Physical activity or exercise | *Physical activity or exercise | ||
* Pregnancy | *Pregnancy | ||
* Fever | *Fever | ||
* Not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen (anemia) | *Not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen (anemia) | ||
* An increase in the amount of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism) | *An increase in the amount of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism) | ||
=== Abnormal heart murmurs === | ===Abnormal heart murmurs=== | ||
* In children the cause mostly due to structural problems of the heart (congenital heart defects). examples: | *In children the cause mostly due to structural problems of the heart (congenital heart defects). examples: | ||
** '''Holes in the heart.''' | **'''Holes in the heart.''' | ||
** Abnormal blood flow between the heart chambers or blood vessels(shunt) | **Abnormal blood flow between the heart chambers or blood vessels(shunt) | ||
** '''Heart valve abnormalities.''' Congenital heart valve abnormalities are present at birth, but sometimes aren't discovered until much later in life. | **'''Heart valve abnormalities.''' Congenital heart valve abnormalities are present at birth, but sometimes aren't discovered until much later in life. | ||
* In older children or adults causes of abnormal heart murmurs include infections or conditions that damage the structures of the heart for example: | *In older children or adults causes of abnormal heart murmurs include infections or conditions that damage the structures of the heart for example: | ||
** Hardening or thickening of valves, as in mitral stenosis or aortic valve stenosis, can occur as you age. | **Hardening or thickening of valves, as in mitral stenosis or aortic valve stenosis, can occur as you age. | ||
** '''Endocarditis.''' This infection of the inner lining of your heart and valves when bacteria or other germs lodge in your heart. endocarditis if left untreated can destroy your heart valves in people who already have heart valve abnormalities. | **'''Endocarditis.''' This infection of the inner lining of your heart and valves when bacteria or other germs lodge in your heart. endocarditis if left untreated can destroy your heart valves in people who already have heart valve abnormalities. | ||
** '''Rheumatic fever.''' rare in the United States. | **'''Rheumatic fever.''' rare in the United States. | ||
==Who is at highest risk?== | ==Who is at highest risk?== | ||
* Family history of a heart defect. | *Family history of a heart defect. | ||
* Uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension). | *Uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension). | ||
* Infection of the lining of the heart (endocarditis), | *Infection of the lining of the heart (endocarditis), | ||
* Factors that increase your baby's risk of developing a heart murmur include: | *Factors that increase your baby's risk of developing a heart murmur include: | ||
** '''Illnesses during pregnancy.''' such as uncontrolled diabetes or a rubella infection. | **'''Illnesses during pregnancy.''' such as uncontrolled diabetes or a rubella infection. | ||
** '''Taking certain medications or illegal drugs during pregnancy.''' | **'''Taking certain medications or illegal drugs during pregnancy.''' | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
* Heart murmurs are usually detected by your doctor when listens to your heart using a stethoscope. | *Heart murmurs are usually detected by your doctor when listens to your heart using a stethoscope. | ||
* Additional tests include: | *Additional tests include: | ||
** '''Chest X-ray.''' shows an image of your heart, lungs and blood vessels. | **'''Chest X-ray.''' shows an image of your heart, lungs and blood vessels. | ||
** '''Electrocardiogram (ECG).''' | **'''Electrocardiogram (ECG).''' | ||
** '''Echocardiogram.''' | **'''Echocardiogram.''' | ||
** '''Cardiac catheterization.''' | **'''Cardiac catheterization.''' | ||
==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ||
*Most heart murmurs aren't serious, but if you think you or your child has a heart murmur, make an appointment to see your family doctor. | *Most heart murmurs aren't serious, but if you think you or your child has a heart murmur, make an appointment to see your family doctor. | ||
*Get medical help if you feel: Chest pain ,Breathlessness, fatigue, or fainting for no reason, heart palpitations.<ref name="urlWhen should you call your doctor about heart murmurs?">{{cite web |url=https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/qa/when-should-you-call-your-doctor-about-heart-murmurs |title=When should you call your doctor about heart murmurs? |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | *Get medical help if you feel: Chest pain ,Breathlessness, fatigue, or fainting for no reason, heart palpitations.<ref name="urlWhen should you call your doctor about heart murmurs?">{{cite web |url=https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/qa/when-should-you-call-your-doctor-about-heart-murmurs |title=When should you call your doctor about heart murmurs? |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
* An innocent heart murmur doesn't require treatment because the heart is normal. If the result is an illness, such as fever or hyperthyroidism, the murmurs will go away once that condition is treated. | *An innocent heart murmur doesn't require treatment because the heart is normal. If the result is an illness, such as fever or hyperthyroidism, the murmurs will go away once that condition is treated. | ||
* If you has an abnormal heart murmur, treatment may not indicated. Your doctor may want to monitor the condition over time. If treatment is necessary, it depends on what heart problem is causing the murmur and may include medications or surgery. | *If you has an abnormal heart murmur, treatment may not indicated. Your doctor may want to monitor the condition over time. If treatment is necessary, it depends on what heart problem is causing the murmur and may include medications or surgery. | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
* | *To reduce your risk of developing an abnormal heart murmur by following: | ||
*# Eat a healthy diet. | |||
* | *# Exercise regularly. | ||
*# Quit smoking. | |||
*# Cut down on alcohol. | |||
*# Keep pre-existing illnesses, such as high blood pressure, diabetes or high cholesterol, under control. | |||
*# Maintain good dental hygiene to prevent bacteria from getting into the bloodstream. | |||
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ||
Revision as of 23:44, 4 October 2020
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nuha Al-Howthi, MD[2]
Overview
Heart murmurs are sounds made by turbulent blood in your heart. These sounds can be heard with a stethoscope. A normal heartbeat makes two sounds like "lub-dup". Heart murmurs can be present at birth or develop later in life. A heart murmur isn't a disease but it may indicate an underlying heart problem. Treatment, if needed, is directed at the cause of your heart murmur.
What are the symptoms of (disease name)?
- harmless heart murmur you likely won't have any symptoms and your doctor may discover it when listening to your heart with a stethoscope.
- presence of this symptoms indicate heart problem:
- fingertips and lips appear blue
- Swelling or sudden weight gain
- Shortness of breath
- Chronic cough
- Enlarged liver
- Enlarged neck veins
- Poor appetite and failure to grow normally (in infants)
- Heavy sweating with minimal or no exertion
- Chest pain
- Dizziness
- Fainting
What causes of heart murmur?
- If it is innocent murmur that means a normal heart. it is common in newborns and children.
- An abnormal heart murmur is more serious. In children, usually the cause congenital heart disease. In adults, it is due to acquired heart valve problems.
Innocent heart murmurs
- Physical activity or exercise
- Pregnancy
- Fever
- Not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen (anemia)
- An increase in the amount of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism)
Abnormal heart murmurs
- In children the cause mostly due to structural problems of the heart (congenital heart defects). examples:
- Holes in the heart.
- Abnormal blood flow between the heart chambers or blood vessels(shunt)
- Heart valve abnormalities. Congenital heart valve abnormalities are present at birth, but sometimes aren't discovered until much later in life.
- In older children or adults causes of abnormal heart murmurs include infections or conditions that damage the structures of the heart for example:
- Hardening or thickening of valves, as in mitral stenosis or aortic valve stenosis, can occur as you age.
- Endocarditis. This infection of the inner lining of your heart and valves when bacteria or other germs lodge in your heart. endocarditis if left untreated can destroy your heart valves in people who already have heart valve abnormalities.
- Rheumatic fever. rare in the United States.
Who is at highest risk?
- Family history of a heart defect.
- Uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension).
- Infection of the lining of the heart (endocarditis),
- Factors that increase your baby's risk of developing a heart murmur include:
- Illnesses during pregnancy. such as uncontrolled diabetes or a rubella infection.
- Taking certain medications or illegal drugs during pregnancy.
Diagnosis
- Heart murmurs are usually detected by your doctor when listens to your heart using a stethoscope.
- Additional tests include:
- Chest X-ray. shows an image of your heart, lungs and blood vessels.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG).
- Echocardiogram.
- Cardiac catheterization.
When to seek urgent medical care?
- Most heart murmurs aren't serious, but if you think you or your child has a heart murmur, make an appointment to see your family doctor.
- Get medical help if you feel: Chest pain ,Breathlessness, fatigue, or fainting for no reason, heart palpitations.[1]
Treatment options
- An innocent heart murmur doesn't require treatment because the heart is normal. If the result is an illness, such as fever or hyperthyroidism, the murmurs will go away once that condition is treated.
- If you has an abnormal heart murmur, treatment may not indicated. Your doctor may want to monitor the condition over time. If treatment is necessary, it depends on what heart problem is causing the murmur and may include medications or surgery.
Prevention
- To reduce your risk of developing an abnormal heart murmur by following:
- Eat a healthy diet.
- Exercise regularly.
- Quit smoking.
- Cut down on alcohol.
- Keep pre-existing illnesses, such as high blood pressure, diabetes or high cholesterol, under control.
- Maintain good dental hygiene to prevent bacteria from getting into the bloodstream.
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
- In this section you should provide a brief statement of what the patient might expect as the prognosis of their condition.
- Include prognosis with and without treatment, and also the likelihood of a certain outcome occurring.
- For an example of the prognosis section on a patient information page, click here.
Possible complications
- In this section, you can list the common and most important (life-threatening) complications of the disease or it's treatment.
- For an example of the complications section in a patient information page, click here.
Sources
- Put the sources for your information here
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Heart murmur Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Heart murmur (patient information) On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Heart murmur (patient information) |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Heart murmur (patient information) |