Weight loss resident survival guide

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Javaria Anwer M.D.[2]
Synonyms and keywords: weight loss management guide, unintentional weight loss management guide, loss of weight resident survival guide, pathologic weight loss resident survival guide.

Lymphadenopathy resident survival guide microchapters
Overview
Causes
Management
Do's
Don'ts

Overview

Weight loss may be intentional or unintentional.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

• Life threatening cause 1
• Life threatening cause 2
• Life threatening cause 3

Common Causes

• Malignancies (specifically digestive and non-hematologic), dementia, stroke, parkinson's disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, and oral disorders are more prevalent among individuals >65 years old.
• Endocrine disorders, infections such as TB and HIV, psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, OCD, and malignancies such as hematologic ones are more prevalent among patients, <65 years of age.

• The chart below demonstrates the cause of unintentional weight loss in adult population. The incidence describes the full range of occurrence described in five studies in older individuals.

Causes of weight loss

Intentional weight loss

Unintentional weight loss

Non-Malignant (~60%)

Malignant (19 - 39%) ❑ Gastrointestinal (53%) based on one study : Oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, and rectal cancer. ❑ Renal: Renal cancer and renal pelvis cancer. ❑ Pulmonary: Bronchial cancer and lung cancer ❑ Hepato-pancreatic: HCC, pancreatic cancer, intra-hepatic bile duct cancer. ❑ Genitourinary: Ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, ureter cancer, bladder cancer ❑ Hematologic: Hodgkin's lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ❑ Breast cancer ❑ Malignant neoplasms

Infectious (2 - 8%) ❑ Chronic diarrhea ❑ Tuberculosis (TB) ❑ HIV ❑ infective endocarditis ❑ Infective colitis and gastroenteritis.

Autoimmune (2 - 7%) ❑ SLE ❑ Rheumatoid arthritis ❑ Polyarteritis nodosa ❑ Polymyalgia rheumatica ❑ Giant cell arteritis with polymyalgia rheumatica

Psychologic/ Psychiatric (9 - 42%) ❑ Depression ❑ Bipolar disorder ❑ Somatoform disorder ❑ Schizophrenia ❑ OCD ❑ Anxiety ❑ Dementia ❑ Social exclusion or rejection ❑ Neglect ❑ Disability

Organ system based ❑ Gastrointestinal (6 - 30%): Gastric and duodenal ulcers, IBD, celiac disease, malabsorption, steatorrhea, vascular disorders affecting intestines, non-infective gastroenteritis and colitis, swallowing pathologies, and dental issues. ❑ Renal (4%): Pyelonephritis, nephritic syndrome, and nephrotic syndrome ❑ Cardiopulmonary (2-10%): Heart failure, COPD, lung abscess (without pneumonia), interstitial lung disease (fibrotic or idiopathic), pleural effusion, and pyothorax (without fistula). ❑ Neurologic (2 - 7%): Stroke, parkinson's disease, and motor neuron disease. ❑ Endocrine (4 - 11%): Type I diabetes, type 2 diabetes, hyperthyroidism, primary hyperparathyroidism, addison's disease, and subacute thyroiditis.

Drug-induced (6 - 8%) ❑ Cocaine ❑ Opioids ❑ Alcohol (4 - 8%) ❑ Psychedelic drugs,

Unexplained / Unknown (6 - 36%)

• To read about other causes of unintentional weight loss click here.

Diagnosis

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Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

Do's

• Perform a thorough physical exam to evaluate for cause of weight loss.

Don'ts

• The content in this section is in bullet points.

References

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