Sandbox:Hannan: Difference between revisions
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* promotes osteoclastogenesis by increasing RANKL/OPG ratio | * promotes osteoclastogenesis by increasing RANKL/OPG ratio | ||
* elevated levels have been found in all phases of multiple myeloma and is considered to be a worse prognosis factor. Furthermore, myeloma cells have been shown to secrete sclerostin | * elevated levels have been found in all phases of multiple myeloma and is considered to be a worse prognosis factor. Furthermore, myeloma cells have been shown to secrete sclerostin | ||
'''Secreted frizzled related protein-2 (sFRP-2)''' | |||
* prevents binding of Wnt ligands to frizzled, a membrane bound receptor | |||
* some studies suggest that myeloma cells express sFRP-2 that antagonizes bone formation | |||
'''Periostin''' | |||
* produced by bone marrow stromal cells, periostin is an adhesion protein of fasciclin family | |||
* thought to activate the integrin–AKT–FAK–β-catenin pathway | |||
* although the role is still unclear, elevated levels have been found in almost all the patients presenting with multiple myeloma | |||
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Revision as of 19:30, 29 October 2018
Molecular pathways and factors associated with osteoblastic activity | Association with multiple myeloma |
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Wingless and integration-1 (Wnt) signaling
Activation of Wnt pathway → binding of Wnt ligands to Wnt co-receptors LRP5/6 and one trans-membrane receptor of the FDZ family → formation of DVL–Axin–FRAT1–GSK-3β complex → translocation of β-catenin from cytoplasm to nucleus → activation of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors → ↑ bone formation and ↓ bone resorption
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Dickkopf 1 (Dkk-1)
Sclerostin
Secreted frizzled related protein-2 (sFRP-2)
Periostin
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Transforming Growth Factor-β
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