Peripheral neuropathy history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 4: Line 4:
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{MMJ}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{MMJ}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
 
The most common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include Gradual progressive [[numbness]], [[prickling]] or [[tingling]] in [[feet]] and [[[hands]], [[burning pain]] in [[extremities]], extreme [[sensitivity to touch]], [[ataxia]], frequent falls, Muscle weakness or paralysis,
==History and Symptoms.==
==History and Symptoms==
===History===
===History===
Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:
Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:
Line 13: Line 13:


===Common Symptoms===
===Common Symptoms===
*The most common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include Gradual progressive [[numbness]], [[prickling]] or [[tingling]] in [[feet]] and [[[hands]], [[burning pain]] in [[extremities]], extreme [[sensitivity to touch]], [[ataxia]], frequent falls, Muscle weakness or paralysis,  
The most common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include:
If autonomic nerves are affected, signs and symptoms might include:
*Gradual progressive [[numbness]]<ref name="pmid18615140">{{cite journal| author=Marchettini P, Lacerenza M, Mauri E, Marangoni C| title=Painful peripheral neuropathies. | journal=Curr Neuropharmacol | year= 2006 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 175-81 | pmid=18615140 | doi= | pmc=2430688 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18615140  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21479990">{{cite journal| author=Wolf SL, Barton DL, Qin R, Wos EJ, Sloan JA, Liu H et al.| title=The relationship between numbness, tingling, and shooting/burning pain in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) as measured by the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 instrument, N06CA. | journal=Support Care Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 625-32 | pmid=21479990 | doi=10.1007/s00520-011-1141-9 | pmc=3329939 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21479990  }} </ref>
*[[Prickling]] or [[tingling]] in [[feet]] and [[[hands]]<ref name="pmid18615140">{{cite journal| author=Marchettini P, Lacerenza M, Mauri E, Marangoni C| title=Painful peripheral neuropathies. | journal=Curr Neuropharmacol | year= 2006 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 175-81 | pmid=18615140 | doi= | pmc=2430688 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18615140  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21479990">{{cite journal| author=Wolf SL, Barton DL, Qin R, Wos EJ, Sloan JA, Liu H et al.| title=The relationship between numbness, tingling, and shooting/burning pain in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) as measured by the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 instrument, N06CA. | journal=Support Care Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 625-32 | pmid=21479990 | doi=10.1007/s00520-011-1141-9 | pmc=3329939 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21479990  }} </ref>
*[[Burning pain]] in [[extremities]]<ref name="pmid18615140">{{cite journal| author=Marchettini P, Lacerenza M, Mauri E, Marangoni C| title=Painful peripheral neuropathies. | journal=Curr Neuropharmacol | year= 2006 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 175-81 | pmid=18615140 | doi= | pmc=2430688 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18615140  }} </ref>
*Extreme [[sensitivity to touch]]<ref name="pmid18615140">{{cite journal| author=Marchettini P, Lacerenza M, Mauri E, Marangoni C| title=Painful peripheral neuropathies. | journal=Curr Neuropharmacol | year= 2006 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 175-81 | pmid=18615140 | doi= | pmc=2430688 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18615140  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21479990">{{cite journal| author=Wolf SL, Barton DL, Qin R, Wos EJ, Sloan JA, Liu H et al.| title=The relationship between numbness, tingling, and shooting/burning pain in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) as measured by the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 instrument, N06CA. | journal=Support Care Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 625-32 | pmid=21479990 | doi=10.1007/s00520-011-1141-9 | pmc=3329939 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21479990  }} </ref>
*[[Ataxia]]<ref name="pmid26054379">{{cite journal| author=Linnemann C, Tezenas du Montcel S, Rakowicz M, Schmitz-Hübsch T, Szymanski S, Berciano J et al.| title=Peripheral Neuropathy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1, 2, 3, and 6. | journal=Cerebellum | year= 2016 | volume= 15 | issue= 2 | pages= 165-73 | pmid=26054379 | doi=10.1007/s12311-015-0684-6 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26054379  }} </ref>
*Frequent falls<ref name="pmid26054379">{{cite journal| author=Linnemann C, Tezenas du Montcel S, Rakowicz M, Schmitz-Hübsch T, Szymanski S, Berciano J et al.| title=Peripheral Neuropathy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1, 2, 3, and 6. | journal=Cerebellum | year= 2016 | volume= 15 | issue= 2 | pages= 165-73 | pmid=26054379 | doi=10.1007/s12311-015-0684-6 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26054379  }} </ref>
*Muscle weakness or paralysis<ref name="pmid18615140">{{cite journal| author=Marchettini P, Lacerenza M, Mauri E, Marangoni C| title=Painful peripheral neuropathies. | journal=Curr Neuropharmacol | year= 2006 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 175-81 | pmid=18615140 | doi= | pmc=2430688 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18615140  }} </ref>
*[[Gastrointestinal]] symptoms:
*[[Gastrointestinal]] symptoms:
**[[Constipation]]
**[[Constipation]]<ref name="pmid29048762">{{cite journal| author=Yamada E, Namiki Y, Takano Y, Takamine H, Inazumi K, Sasaki H et al.| title=Clinical factors associated with the symptoms of constipation in patients with diabetes mellitus: A multicenter study. | journal=J Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2018 | volume= 33 | issue= 4 | pages= 863-868 | pmid=29048762 | doi=10.1111/jgh.14022 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29048762  }} </ref>
**[[Diarrhea]]
**[[Diarrhea]]<ref name="pmid23940440">{{cite journal| author=Pfluecke C, Ulbrich S, Ibrahim K, Geiger KD, Strasser RH, Wunderlich C| title=Chronic diarrhea as the initial clinical manifestation of light-chain amyloidosis with cardiac involvement despite negative duodenal and rectal biopsies. | journal=Exp Clin Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume= 18 | issue= 2 | pages= 148-50 | pmid=23940440 | doi= | pmc=3718595 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23940440  }} </ref>
**Early satiety
**Early satiety<ref name="pmid23940440">{{cite journal| author=Pfluecke C, Ulbrich S, Ibrahim K, Geiger KD, Strasser RH, Wunderlich C| title=Chronic diarrhea as the initial clinical manifestation of light-chain amyloidosis with cardiac involvement despite negative duodenal and rectal biopsies. | journal=Exp Clin Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume= 18 | issue= 2 | pages= 148-50 | pmid=23940440 | doi= | pmc=3718595 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23940440  }} </ref>
**[[Nausea]]
**[[Nausea]]<ref name="pmid18524793">{{cite journal| author=Devigili G, Tugnoli V, Penza P, Camozzi F, Lombardi R, Melli G et al.| title=The diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathology. | journal=Brain | year= 2008 | volume= 131 | issue= Pt 7 | pages= 1912-25 | pmid=18524793 | doi=10.1093/brain/awn093 | pmc=2442424 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18524793  }} </ref>
**Problems controlling [[bowel]] movements
**Problems controlling [[bowel]] movements
**[[Swallowing]] problems
**[[Swallowing]] problems<ref name="pmid18524793">{{cite journal| author=Devigili G, Tugnoli V, Penza P, Camozzi F, Lombardi R, Melli G et al.| title=The diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathology. | journal=Brain | year= 2008 | volume= 131 | issue= Pt 7 | pages= 1912-25 | pmid=18524793 | doi=10.1093/brain/awn093 | pmc=2442424 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18524793  }} </ref>
**[[Abdomen]] [[distention]]
**[[Abdomen]] [[distention]]<ref name="pmid23772273">{{cite journal| author=Krishnan B, Babu S, Walker J, Walker AB, Pappachan JM| title=Gastrointestinal complications of diabetes mellitus. | journal=World J Diabetes | year= 2013 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 51-63 | pmid=23772273 | doi=10.4239/wjd.v4.i3.51 | pmc=3680624 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23772273  }} </ref>
**[[Vomiting]]
**[[Vomiting]]<ref name="pmid18524793">{{cite journal| author=Devigili G, Tugnoli V, Penza P, Camozzi F, Lombardi R, Melli G et al.| title=The diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathology. | journal=Brain | year= 2008 | volume= 131 | issue= Pt 7 | pages= 1912-25 | pmid=18524793 | doi=10.1093/brain/awn093 | pmc=2442424 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18524793  }} </ref>
*Cardiovascular symptoms:<ref name="pmid20103559">{{cite journal| author=Pop-Busui R| title=Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: a clinical perspective. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2010 | volume= 33 | issue= 2 | pages= 434-41 | pmid=20103559 | doi=10.2337/dc09-1294 | pmc=2809298 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20103559  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27034552">{{cite journal| author=McCarty N, Silverman B| title=Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. | journal=Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) | year= 2016 | volume= 29 | issue= 2 | pages= 157-9 | pmid=27034552 | doi= | pmc=4790554 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27034552  }} </ref><ref name="pmid29214181">{{cite journal| author=Bissinger A| title=Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy: Why Should Cardiologists Care about That? | journal=J Diabetes Res | year= 2017 | volume= 2017 | issue=  | pages= 5374176 | pmid=29214181 | doi=10.1155/2017/5374176 | pmc=5682059 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29214181  }} </ref>
*[[Cardiovascular]] symptoms:<ref name="pmid20103559">{{cite journal| author=Pop-Busui R| title=Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: a clinical perspective. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2010 | volume= 33 | issue= 2 | pages= 434-41 | pmid=20103559 | doi=10.2337/dc09-1294 | pmc=2809298 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20103559  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27034552">{{cite journal| author=McCarty N, Silverman B| title=Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. | journal=Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) | year= 2016 | volume= 29 | issue= 2 | pages= 157-9 | pmid=27034552 | doi= | pmc=4790554 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27034552  }} </ref><ref name="pmid29214181">{{cite journal| author=Bissinger A| title=Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy: Why Should Cardiologists Care about That? | journal=J Diabetes Res | year= 2017 | volume= 2017 | issue=  | pages= 5374176 | pmid=29214181 | doi=10.1155/2017/5374176 | pmc=5682059 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29214181  }} </ref>
**Impaired heart rate
**Impaired [[heart rate]]
**Resting tachycardia
**Resting [[tachycardia]]
**Exercise intolerance
**[[Exercise intolerance]]
**Abnormal blood pressure regulation
**Abnormal [[blood pressure]] regulation
**Orthostatic hypotension
**Orthostatic hypotension
*Heat intolerance and altered sweatinG
*[[Heat intolerance]] and altered [[sweating]]<ref name="pmid27227101">{{cite journal| author=Kenny GP, Sigal RJ, McGinn R| title=Body temperature regulation in diabetes. | journal=Temperature (Austin) | year= 2016 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 119-45 | pmid=27227101 | doi=10.1080/23328940.2015.1131506 | pmc=4861190 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27227101  }} </ref>
*Urine incontinence:<ref name="pmid22190298">{{cite journal| author=Burakgazi AZ, Alsowaity B, Burakgazi ZA, Unal D, Kelly JJ| title=Bladder dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies. | journal=Muscle Nerve | year= 2012 | volume= 45 | issue= 1 | pages= 2-8 | pmid=22190298 | doi=10.1002/mus.22178 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22190298  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27706007">{{cite journal| author=Tanik N, Tanik S, Albayrak S, Zengin K, Inan LE, Caglayan EK et al.| title=Association Between Overactive Bladder and Polyneuropathy in Diabetic Patients. | journal=Int Neurourol J | year= 2016 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 232-239 | pmid=27706007 | doi=10.5213/inj.1632508.254 | pmc=5083825 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27706007  }} </ref>
*[[Urine incontinence]]:<ref name="pmid22190298">{{cite journal| author=Burakgazi AZ, Alsowaity B, Burakgazi ZA, Unal D, Kelly JJ| title=Bladder dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies. | journal=Muscle Nerve | year= 2012 | volume= 45 | issue= 1 | pages= 2-8 | pmid=22190298 | doi=10.1002/mus.22178 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22190298  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27706007">{{cite journal| author=Tanik N, Tanik S, Albayrak S, Zengin K, Inan LE, Caglayan EK et al.| title=Association Between Overactive Bladder and Polyneuropathy in Diabetic Patients. | journal=Int Neurourol J | year= 2016 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 232-239 | pmid=27706007 | doi=10.5213/inj.1632508.254 | pmc=5083825 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27706007  }} </ref>
*Ocular symptoms:
*[[Ocular]] symptoms:<ref name="pmid26500330">{{cite journal| author=DeMill DL, Hussain M, Pop-Busui R, Shtein RM| title=Ocular surface disease in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2016 | volume= 100 | issue= 7 | pages= 924-928 | pmid=26500330 | doi=10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307369 | pmc=5037046 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26500330  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27423690">{{cite journal| author=Srinivasan S, Pritchard N, Sampson GP, Edwards K, Vagenas D, Russell AW et al.| title=Diagnostic capability of retinal thickness measures in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. | journal=J Optom | year= 2017 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 215-225 | pmid=27423690 | doi=10.1016/j.optom.2016.05.003 | pmc=5595257 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27423690  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19830009">{{cite journal| author=Nightingale LM, Paviour DC| title=Nutritional optic and peripheral neuropathy: a case report. | journal=Cases J | year= 2009 | volume= 2 | issue=  | pages= 7762 | pmid=19830009 | doi=10.4076/1757-1626-2-7762 | pmc=2740016 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19830009  }} </ref>
**Pain (usually from optic neuritis)
**Pain (usually from optic neuritis)
**Vision loss
**[[Vision loss]]
**Visual field loss
**[[Visual field]] loss
**Loss of color vision
**Loss of color [[vision]]
**Flashing lights
**Flashing lights



Revision as of 19:02, 24 August 2018

Peripheral neuropathy Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating peripheral neuropathy from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Peripheral neuropathy history and symptoms On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Peripheral neuropathy history and symptoms

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Peripheral neuropathy history and symptoms

CDC on Peripheral neuropathy history and symptoms

Peripheral neuropathy history and symptoms in the news

Blogs on Peripheral neuropathy history and symptoms

Directions to Hospitals Treating Psoriasis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Peripheral neuropathy history and symptoms

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

The most common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include Gradual progressive numbness, prickling or tingling in feet and [[[hands]], burning pain in extremities, extreme sensitivity to touch, ataxia, frequent falls, Muscle weakness or paralysis,

History and Symptoms

History

Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:

  • [History finding 1]
  • [History finding 2]
  • [History finding 3]

Common Symptoms

The most common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include:

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Marchettini P, Lacerenza M, Mauri E, Marangoni C (2006). "Painful peripheral neuropathies". Curr Neuropharmacol. 4 (3): 175–81. PMC 2430688. PMID 18615140.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Wolf SL, Barton DL, Qin R, Wos EJ, Sloan JA, Liu H; et al. (2012). "The relationship between numbness, tingling, and shooting/burning pain in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) as measured by the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 instrument, N06CA". Support Care Cancer. 20 (3): 625–32. doi:10.1007/s00520-011-1141-9. PMC 3329939. PMID 21479990.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Linnemann C, Tezenas du Montcel S, Rakowicz M, Schmitz-Hübsch T, Szymanski S, Berciano J; et al. (2016). "Peripheral Neuropathy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1, 2, 3, and 6". Cerebellum. 15 (2): 165–73. doi:10.1007/s12311-015-0684-6. PMID 26054379.
  4. Yamada E, Namiki Y, Takano Y, Takamine H, Inazumi K, Sasaki H; et al. (2018). "Clinical factors associated with the symptoms of constipation in patients with diabetes mellitus: A multicenter study". J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 33 (4): 863–868. doi:10.1111/jgh.14022. PMID 29048762.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Pfluecke C, Ulbrich S, Ibrahim K, Geiger KD, Strasser RH, Wunderlich C (2013). "Chronic diarrhea as the initial clinical manifestation of light-chain amyloidosis with cardiac involvement despite negative duodenal and rectal biopsies". Exp Clin Cardiol. 18 (2): 148–50. PMC 3718595. PMID 23940440.
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Devigili G, Tugnoli V, Penza P, Camozzi F, Lombardi R, Melli G; et al. (2008). "The diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathology". Brain. 131 (Pt 7): 1912–25. doi:10.1093/brain/awn093. PMC 2442424. PMID 18524793.
  7. Krishnan B, Babu S, Walker J, Walker AB, Pappachan JM (2013). "Gastrointestinal complications of diabetes mellitus". World J Diabetes. 4 (3): 51–63. doi:10.4239/wjd.v4.i3.51. PMC 3680624. PMID 23772273.
  8. Pop-Busui R (2010). "Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: a clinical perspective". Diabetes Care. 33 (2): 434–41. doi:10.2337/dc09-1294. PMC 2809298. PMID 20103559.
  9. McCarty N, Silverman B (2016). "Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy". Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 29 (2): 157–9. PMC 4790554. PMID 27034552.
  10. Bissinger A (2017). "Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy: Why Should Cardiologists Care about That?". J Diabetes Res. 2017: 5374176. doi:10.1155/2017/5374176. PMC 5682059. PMID 29214181.
  11. Kenny GP, Sigal RJ, McGinn R (2016). "Body temperature regulation in diabetes". Temperature (Austin). 3 (1): 119–45. doi:10.1080/23328940.2015.1131506. PMC 4861190. PMID 27227101.
  12. Burakgazi AZ, Alsowaity B, Burakgazi ZA, Unal D, Kelly JJ (2012). "Bladder dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies". Muscle Nerve. 45 (1): 2–8. doi:10.1002/mus.22178. PMID 22190298.
  13. Tanik N, Tanik S, Albayrak S, Zengin K, Inan LE, Caglayan EK; et al. (2016). "Association Between Overactive Bladder and Polyneuropathy in Diabetic Patients". Int Neurourol J. 20 (3): 232–239. doi:10.5213/inj.1632508.254. PMC 5083825. PMID 27706007.
  14. DeMill DL, Hussain M, Pop-Busui R, Shtein RM (2016). "Ocular surface disease in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy". Br J Ophthalmol. 100 (7): 924–928. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307369. PMC 5037046. PMID 26500330.
  15. Srinivasan S, Pritchard N, Sampson GP, Edwards K, Vagenas D, Russell AW; et al. (2017). "Diagnostic capability of retinal thickness measures in diabetic peripheral neuropathy". J Optom. 10 (4): 215–225. doi:10.1016/j.optom.2016.05.003. PMC 5595257. PMID 27423690.
  16. Nightingale LM, Paviour DC (2009). "Nutritional optic and peripheral neuropathy: a case report". Cases J. 2: 7762. doi:10.4076/1757-1626-2-7762. PMC 2740016. PMID 19830009.

Template:WH Template:WS