Hyponatremia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
* Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbances in clinical practice, occurring in 15%-30% of hospitalized patients ( acutely or chronically) <ref name="UpadhyayJaber20062">{{cite journal|last2=Jaber|first2=Bertrand L.|last3=Madias|first3=Nicolaos E.|year=2006|title=Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=119|issue=7|pages=S30–S35|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005|issn=00029343|last1=Upadhyay|first1=Ashish}}</ref> . | * Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbances in clinical practice, occurring in 15%-30% of hospitalized patients ( acutely or chronically) <ref name="UpadhyayJaber20062">{{cite journal|last2=Jaber|first2=Bertrand L.|last3=Madias|first3=Nicolaos E.|year=2006|title=Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=119|issue=7|pages=S30–S35|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005|issn=00029343|last1=Upadhyay|first1=Ashish}}</ref> . | ||
* Post-operative hyponatremia develops in 4.4% of patients within 1st week of surgery <ref name="UpadhyayJaber2006">{{cite journal|last1=Upadhyay|first1=Ashish|last2=Jaber|first2=Bertrand L.|last3=Madias|first3=Nicolaos E.|title=Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=119|issue=7|year=2006|pages=S30–S35|issn=00029343|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005}}</ref> . | |||
===Prevalence=== | ===Prevalence=== | ||
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===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
*Age over 30 is related to increased overall incident of hyponatremia especially hospital acquired hyponatremia. The association is stronger even with increasing severity of hyponatremia. | *Age over 30 is related to increased overall incident of hyponatremia especially hospital acquired hyponatremia. The association is stronger even with increasing severity of hyponatremia <ref name="UpadhyayJaber20063">{{cite journal|last1=Upadhyay|first1=Ashish|last2=Jaber|first2=Bertrand L.|last3=Madias|first3=Nicolaos E.|title=Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=119|issue=7|year=2006|pages=S30–S35|issn=00029343|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005}}</ref> . | ||
*In elderly patients, lower body weight is associated with increased risk of drug-induced hyponatremia. | *In elderly patients, lower body weight is associated with increased risk of drug-induced hyponatremia <ref name="UpadhyayJaber20064">{{cite journal|last1=Upadhyay|first1=Ashish|last2=Jaber|first2=Bertrand L.|last3=Madias|first3=Nicolaos E.|title=Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=119|issue=7|year=2006|pages=S30–S35|issn=00029343|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005}}</ref> . | ||
===Race=== | ===Race=== | ||
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name]. | *There is no racial predilection to [disease name]. | ||
===Gender=== | ===Gender=== | ||
*Female sex is considered a risk factor for psychotropic and diuretic-induced hyponatremia. | *Female sex is considered a risk factor for psychotropic and diuretic-induced hyponatremia <ref name="UpadhyayJaber20065">{{cite journal|last1=Upadhyay|first1=Ashish|last2=Jaber|first2=Bertrand L.|last3=Madias|first3=Nicolaos E.|title=Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=119|issue=7|year=2006|pages=S30–S35|issn=00029343|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005}}</ref> . | ||
*Severe hyponatremia occurs more frequently in women because of lower body weight. | *Severe hyponatremia occurs more frequently in women because of lower body weight. | ||
===Region=== | ===Region=== | ||
Revision as of 20:52, 21 May 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saeedeh Kowsarnia M.D.[2]
Overview
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder. Its frequency is higher in females, the elderly, and in patients who are hospitalized. The incidence of hyponatremia depends largely on the patient population. A hospital incidence of 15–30% is common. Hyponatremia has been reported in up to 30% of elderly patients in nursing homes and is also present in approximately 30% of depressed patients on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.[1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbances in clinical practice, occurring in 15%-30% of hospitalized patients ( acutely or chronically) [2] .
- Post-operative hyponatremia develops in 4.4% of patients within 1st week of surgery [3] .
Prevalence
- Prevalence of hyponatremia is 1720 per 100,000 in the U.S. population [4] .
- Nearly 7.7 % of patients who are visited in outpatients clinics are hyponatremic.
- Hyponatremia is seen in up to 27% of patients with heart failure (HF) [5] .
- Approximately 50% of patients with cirhosis and ascites are found to be hyponatremic [6] .
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- Over the period of 1999-2006, mortality rate was 11% versus 4% for hyponatremic and normonatremia subjects respectively [7] .
Age
- Age over 30 is related to increased overall incident of hyponatremia especially hospital acquired hyponatremia. The association is stronger even with increasing severity of hyponatremia [8] .
- In elderly patients, lower body weight is associated with increased risk of drug-induced hyponatremia [9] .
Race
- There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
Gender
- Female sex is considered a risk factor for psychotropic and diuretic-induced hyponatremia [10] .
- Severe hyponatremia occurs more frequently in women because of lower body weight.
Region
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
References
- ↑ Schrier, Robert W. "Does 'asymptomatic hyponatremia' exist?" Nature Reviews Nephrology. Vol 6, Apr 2010; p 185.
- ↑ Upadhyay, Ashish; Jaber, Bertrand L.; Madias, Nicolaos E. (2006). "Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia". The American Journal of Medicine. 119 (7): S30–S35. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005. ISSN 0002-9343.
- ↑ Upadhyay, Ashish; Jaber, Bertrand L.; Madias, Nicolaos E. (2006). "Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia". The American Journal of Medicine. 119 (7): S30–S35. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005. ISSN 0002-9343.
- ↑ Mohan, Sumit; Gu, Sue; Parikh, Amay; Radhakrishnan, Jai (2013). "Prevalence of Hyponatremia and Association with Mortality: Results from NHANES". The American Journal of Medicine. 126 (12): 1127–1137.e1. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.07.021. ISSN 0002-9343.
- ↑ Bettari, Luca; Fiuzat, Mona; Shaw, Linda K.; Wojdyla, Daniel M.; Metra, Marco; Felker, G. Michael; O’Connor, Christopher M. (2012). "Hyponatremia and Long-Term Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure—An Observational Study From the Duke Databank for Cardiovascular Diseases". Journal of Cardiac Failure. 18 (1): 74–81. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.09.005. ISSN 1071-9164.
- ↑ Angeli, Paolo; Wong, Florence; Watson, Hugh; Ginès, Pere (2006). "Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: Results of a patient population survey". Hepatology. 44 (6): 1535–1542. doi:10.1002/hep.21412. ISSN 0270-9139.
- ↑ Mohan, Sumit; Gu, Sue; Parikh, Amay; Radhakrishnan, Jai (2013). "Prevalence of Hyponatremia and Association with Mortality: Results from NHANES". The American Journal of Medicine. 126 (12): 1127–1137.e1. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.07.021. ISSN 0002-9343.
- ↑ Upadhyay, Ashish; Jaber, Bertrand L.; Madias, Nicolaos E. (2006). "Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia". The American Journal of Medicine. 119 (7): S30–S35. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005. ISSN 0002-9343.
- ↑ Upadhyay, Ashish; Jaber, Bertrand L.; Madias, Nicolaos E. (2006). "Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia". The American Journal of Medicine. 119 (7): S30–S35. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005. ISSN 0002-9343.
- ↑ Upadhyay, Ashish; Jaber, Bertrand L.; Madias, Nicolaos E. (2006). "Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia". The American Journal of Medicine. 119 (7): S30–S35. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005. ISSN 0002-9343.