Fat embolism syndrome historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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*In 1861, Zenker first discovered fat embolism (FES), after he found [[Lung|pulmonary]] [[capillary]] fat deposition in a patient who suffered from crush injury. | *In 1861, Zenker first discovered fat embolism (FES), after he found [[Lung|pulmonary]] [[capillary]] fat deposition in a patient who suffered from crush injury. | ||
*In 1873, Bergmann described the first clinical case of FES in a patient who suffered a distal [[femur]] [[Bone fracture|fracture]]. | *In 1873, Bergmann described the first clinical case of FES in a patient who suffered a distal [[femur]] [[Bone fracture|fracture]]. | ||
*In 1875, Czerny explored [[Brain|cerebral]] symptoms associated with FES. | *In 1875, Czerny explored [[Brain|cerebral]] symptoms associated with FES.<ref name="pmid2245559">{{cite journal| author=Levy D| title=The fat embolism syndrome. A review. | journal=Clin Orthop Relat Res | year= 1990 | volume= | issue= 261 | pages= 281-6 | pmid=2245559 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2245559 }} </ref> | ||
*In 1924, Gauss proposed the mechanical theory, which explains that three conditions are necessary for the development of fat embolism: injury to adipose tissue, rupture of veins within the zone of injury, and a mechanism that causes the passage of free fat into the open ends of blood vessel. | *In 1924, Gauss proposed the mechanical theory, which explains that three conditions are necessary for the development of fat embolism: injury to adipose tissue, rupture of veins within the zone of injury, and a mechanism that causes the passage of free fat into the open ends of blood vessel.<ref name="pmid8771112">{{cite journal| author=Johnson MJ, Lucas GL| title=Fat embolism syndrome. | journal=Orthopedics | year= 1996 | volume= 19 | issue= 1 | pages= 41-8; discussion 48-9 | pmid=8771112 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8771112 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19825491">{{cite journal| author=Akhtar S| title=Fat embolism. | journal=Anesthesiol Clin | year= 2009 | volume= 27 | issue= 3 | pages= 533-50, table of contents | pmid=19825491 | doi=10.1016/j.anclin.2009.07.018 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19825491 }} </ref> | ||
*In 1927, Lehman established biochemical theory which states that plasma mediators mobilize fat from body stores and cause the agglutination of bigger fat droplets and hence initiate an inflammatory process. | *In 1927, Lehman established biochemical theory which states that plasma mediators mobilize fat from body stores and cause the agglutination of bigger fat droplets and hence initiate an inflammatory process. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]
Overview
In 1861, Zenker first discovered fat embolism (FES), after he found pulmonary capillary fat deposition in a patient who suffered from crush injury. In 1873, Bergmann described the first clinical case of FES in a patient who suffered a distal femur fracture. In 1875, Czerny explored cerebral symptoms associated with FES.
Historical Perspective
The historical perspective of fat embolism syndrome is as follows:[1][2][3]
Discovery
- In 1861, Zenker first discovered fat embolism (FES), after he found pulmonary capillary fat deposition in a patient who suffered from crush injury.
- In 1873, Bergmann described the first clinical case of FES in a patient who suffered a distal femur fracture.
- In 1875, Czerny explored cerebral symptoms associated with FES.[4]
- In 1924, Gauss proposed the mechanical theory, which explains that three conditions are necessary for the development of fat embolism: injury to adipose tissue, rupture of veins within the zone of injury, and a mechanism that causes the passage of free fat into the open ends of blood vessel.[5][6]
- In 1927, Lehman established biochemical theory which states that plasma mediators mobilize fat from body stores and cause the agglutination of bigger fat droplets and hence initiate an inflammatory process.
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
References
- ↑ Allardyce DB, Meek RN, Woodruff B, Cassim MM, Ellis D (1974). "Increasing our knowledge of the pathogenesis of fat embolism: a prospective study of 43 patients with fractured femoral shafts". J Trauma. 14 (11): 955–62. PMID 4419160.
- ↑ Akoh CC, Schick C, Otero J, Karam M (2014). "Fat embolism syndrome after femur fracture fixation: a case report". Iowa Orthop J. 34: 55–62. PMC 4127739. PMID 25328460.
- ↑ Kosova, E.; Bergmark, B.; Piazza, G. (2015). "Fat Embolism Syndrome". Circulation. 131 (3): 317–320. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010835. ISSN 0009-7322.
- ↑ Levy D (1990). "The fat embolism syndrome. A review". Clin Orthop Relat Res (261): 281–6. PMID 2245559.
- ↑ Johnson MJ, Lucas GL (1996). "Fat embolism syndrome". Orthopedics. 19 (1): 41–8, discussion 48-9. PMID 8771112.
- ↑ Akhtar S (2009). "Fat embolism". Anesthesiol Clin. 27 (3): 533–50, table of contents. doi:10.1016/j.anclin.2009.07.018. PMID 19825491.