RRM2B: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''RRM2B'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid10716435">{{cite journal | vauthors = Tanaka H, Arakawa H, Yamaguchi T, Shiraishi K, Fukuda S, Matsui K, Takei Y, Nakamura Y | title = A ribonucleotide reductase gene involved in a p53-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint for DNA damage | journal = Nature | volume = 404 | issue = 6773 | pages = 42–9 | date = March 2000 | pmid = 10716435 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1038/35003506 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10980602">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nakano K, Bálint E, Ashcroft M, Vousden KH | title = A ribonucleotide reductase gene is a transcriptional target of p53 and p73 | journal = Oncogene | volume = 19 | issue = 37 | pages = 4283–9 | date = August 2000 | pmid = 10980602 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1203774 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17486094">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bourdon A, Minai L, Serre V, Jais JP, Sarzi E, Aubert S, Chrétien D, de Lonlay P, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Arakawa H, Nakamura Y, Munnich A, Rötig A | title = Mutation of RRM2B, encoding p53-controlled ribonucleotide reductase (p53R2), causes severe mitochondrial DNA depletion | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 39 | issue = 6 | pages = 776–80 | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17486094 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1038/ng2040 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: RRM2B ribonucleotide reductase M2 B (TP53 inducible)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=50484| accessdate = }}</ref> The gene encoding the RRM2B protein is located on [[Chromosome 8 (human)|chromosome 8]], at position 8q23.1. The gene and its products are also known by designations MTDPS8A, MTDPS8B, and p53R2.
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
==Function==
{{GNF_Protein_box
RRM2B codes for one of two versions of the R2 subunit of [[ribonucleotide reductase]], which generates nucleotide precursors required for DNA replication by reducing [[ribonucleoside]] [[diphosphate]]s to deoxyribonucloside diphosphates.  The version of R2 encoded by RRM2B is induced by [[p53]], and is required for normal DNA repair and [[mtDNA]] synthesis in non-proliferating cells. The other form of R2 is expressed only in dividing cells.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Copeland WC | title = Defects in mitochondrial DNA replication and human disease | journal = Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology | volume = 47 | issue = 1 | pages = 64–74 | date = 2012 | pmid = 22176657 | pmc = 3244805 | doi = 10.3109/10409238.2011.632763 }}</ref>
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Ribonucleotide reductase M2 B (TP53 inducible)
| HGNCid = 17296
| Symbol = RRM2B
| AltSymbols =; DKFZp686M05248; MGC102856; MGC42116; p53R2
| OMIM = 604712
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 56723
| MGIid = 2155865
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_RRM2B_gnf1h06036_at_tn.png
  | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004748 |text = ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005506 |text = iron ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016491 |text = oxidoreductase activity}}
  | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006260 |text = DNA replication}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006281 |text = DNA repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009186 |text = deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009263 |text = deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 50484
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000048392
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_056528
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_015713
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 8
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 103285908
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 103320522
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q7LG56
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 382985
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000022292
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_199476
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_955770
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 15
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 37868541
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 37905644
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q6PEE3
  }}
}}
'''Ribonucleotide reductase M2 B (TP53 inducible)''', also known as '''RRM2B''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: RRM2B ribonucleotide reductase M2 B (TP53 inducible)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=50484| accessdate = }}</ref>


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== Interactions ==
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| summary_text =  
}}


==References==
RRM2B has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[Mdm2]]<ref name="pmid19015526">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chang L, Zhou B, Hu S, Guo R, Liu X, Jones SN, Yen Y | title = ATM-mediated serine 72 phosphorylation stabilizes ribonucleotide reductase small subunit p53R2 protein against MDM2 to DNA damage | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 105 | issue = 47 | pages = 18519–24 | date = November 2008 | pmid = 19015526 | pmc = 2587585 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0803313105 }}</ref> and [[Ataxia telangiectasia mutated]].<ref name=pmid19015526/>
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
==Clinical relevance==
Abnormalities in this gene are one of the causes of [[mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome]] (MDDS).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gorman|first1=Gráinne S.|last2=Taylor|first2=Robert W. | name-list-format = vanc |title=GeneReviews|date=April 17, 2014|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK195854/|chapter=RRM2B-Related Mitochondrial Disease}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/rrm2b-related-mitochondrial-dna-depletion-syndrome-encephalomyopathic-form-with-renal-tubulopathy|title=RRM2B-related mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, encephalomyopathic form with renal tubulopathy|publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]]|accessdate=13 July 2017}}</ref> [[Hypotonia|Neonatal hypotonia]], [[hypotonia#developmental delay|developmental delay]], [[encephalopathy]], with [[seizures]], [[deafness]] and [[lactic acidosis]] have been associated with mutations in this gene.  MDDS is fatal, with death occurring from [[respiratory failure]] in early childhood.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Acham-Roschitz B, Plecko B, Lindbichler F, Bittner R, Mache CJ, Sperl W, Mayr JA | title = A novel mutation of the RRM2B gene in an infant with early fatal encephalomyopathy, central hypomyelination, and tubulopathy | journal = Molecular Genetics and Metabolism | volume = 98 | issue = 3 | pages = 300–4 | date = November 2009 | pmid = 19616983 | doi = 10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.06.012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kropach N, Shkalim-Zemer V, Orenstein N, Scheuerman O, Straussberg R | title = Novel RRM2B Mutation and Severe Mitochondrial DNA Depletion: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature | journal = Neuropediatrics | date = May 2017 | pmid = 28482374 | doi = 10.1055/s-0037-1601867 }}</ref>
 
It has been associated with some cases of pediatric [[acute liver failure]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Valencia CA, Wang X, Wang J, Peters A, Simmons JR, Moran MC, Mathur A, Husami A, Qian Y, Sheridan R, Bove KE, Witte D, Huang T, Miethke AG | title = Deep Sequencing Reveals Novel Genetic Variants in Children with Acute Liver Failure and Tissue Evidence of Impaired Energy Metabolism | journal = PLoS One | volume = 11 | issue = 8 | pages = e0156738 | date = 2016 | pmid = 27483465 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0156738 }}</ref>
 
Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause progressive external [[ophthalmoplegia]].<ref name="pmid21951382">{{cite journal | vauthors = Takata A, Kato M, Nakamura M, Yoshikawa T, Kanba S, Sano A, Kato T | title = Exome sequencing identifies a novel missense variant in RRM2B associated with autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 12 | issue = 9 | pages = R92 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21951382 | pmc = 3308055 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2011-12-9-r92 }}</ref>
 
Increased expression of RRM2B has been correlated with [[gemcitabine]] resistance in human cholangiocarcinoma cells<ref name="pmid21451941">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sato J, Kimura T, Saito T, Anazawa T, Kenjo A, Sato Y, Tsuchiya T, Gotoh M | title = Gene expression analysis for predicting gemcitabine resistance in human cholangiocarcinoma | journal = Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences | volume = 18 | issue = 5 | pages = 700–11 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21451941 | doi = 10.1007/s00534-011-0376-7 }}</ref> and may be predictive of lack of clinical benefit from gemcitabine for human cancers.
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Guittet O, Håkansson P, Voevodskaya N, Fridd S, Gräslund A, Arakawa H, Nakamura Y, Thelander L | title = Mammalian p53R2 protein forms an active ribonucleotide reductase in vitro with the R1 protein, which is expressed both in resting cells in response to DNA damage and in proliferating cells | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 44 | pages = 40647–51 | date = November 2001 | pmid = 11517226 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M106088200 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yamaguchi T, Matsuda K, Sagiya Y, Iwadate M, Fujino MA, Nakamura Y, Arakawa H | title = p53R2-dependent pathway for DNA synthesis in a p53-regulated cell cycle checkpoint | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 61 | issue = 22 | pages = 8256–62 | date = November 2001 | pmid = 11719458 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Tanaka H, Arakawa H, Yamaguchi T, ''et al.'' |title=A ribonucleotide reductase gene involved in a p53-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint for DNA damage. |journal=Nature |volume=404 |issue= 6773 |pages= 42-9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10716435 |doi= 10.1038/35003506 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yanamoto S, Kawasaki G, Yoshitomi I, Mizuno A | title = Expression of p53R2, newly p53 target in oral normal epithelium, epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma | journal = Cancer Letters | volume = 190 | issue = 2 | pages = 233–43 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12565178 | doi = 10.1016/S0304-3835(02)00588-8 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Nakano K, Bálint E, Ashcroft M, Vousden KH |title=A ribonucleotide reductase gene is a transcriptional target of p53 and p73. |journal=Oncogene |volume=19 |issue= 37 |pages= 4283-9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10980602 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Xue L, Zhou B, Liu X, Qiu W, Jin Z, Yen Y | title = Wild-type p53 regulates human ribonucleotide reductase by protein-protein interaction with p53R2 as well as hRRM2 subunits | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 63 | issue = 5 | pages = 980–6 | date = March 2003 | pmid = 12615712 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Guittet O, Håkansson P, Voevodskaya N, ''et al.'' |title=Mammalian p53R2 protein forms an active ribonucleotide reductase in vitro with the R1 protein, which is expressed both in resting cells in response to DNA damage and in proliferating cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 44 |pages= 40647-51 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11517226 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M106088200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhou B, Liu X, Mo X, Xue L, Darwish D, Qiu W, Shih J, Hwu EB, Luh F, Yen Y | title = The human ribonucleotide reductase subunit hRRM2 complements p53R2 in response to UV-induced DNA repair in cells with mutant p53 | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 63 | issue = 20 | pages = 6583–94 | date = October 2003 | pmid = 14583450 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yamaguchi T, Matsuda K, Sagiya Y, ''et al.'' |title=p53R2-dependent pathway for DNA synthesis in a p53-regulated cell cycle checkpoint. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=61 |issue= 22 |pages= 8256-62 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11719458 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Shao J, Zhou B, Zhu L, Qiu W, Yuan YC, Xi B, Yen Y | title = In vitro characterization of enzymatic properties and inhibition of the p53R2 subunit of human ribonucleotide reductase | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 64 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–6 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14729598 | doi = 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-3048 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ceballos E, Muñoz-Alonso MJ, Berwanger B, Acosta JC, Hernández R, Krause M, Hartmann O, Eilers M, León J | title = Inhibitory effect of c-Myc on p53-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. Microarray analysis reveals defective induction of p53 target genes and upregulation of chaperone genes | journal = Oncogene | volume = 24 | issue = 28 | pages = 4559–71 | date = June 2005 | pmid = 15856024 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1208652 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yanamoto S, Kawasaki G, Yoshitomi I, Mizuno A |title=Expression of p53R2, newly p53 target in oral normal epithelium, epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. |journal=Cancer Lett. |volume=190 |issue= 2 |pages= 233-43 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12565178 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Deng ZL, Xie DW, Bostick RM, Miao XJ, Gong YL, Zhang JH, Wargovich MJ | title = Novel genetic variations of the p53R2 gene in patients with colorectal adenoma and controls | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 11 | issue = 33 | pages = 5169–73 | date = September 2005 | pmid = 16127747 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Xue L, Zhou B, Liu X, ''et al.'' |title=Wild-type p53 regulates human ribonucleotide reductase by protein-protein interaction with p53R2 as well as hRRM2 subunits. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=63 |issue= 5 |pages= 980-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12615712 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ohno K, Tanaka-Azuma Y, Yoneda Y, Yamada T | title = Genotoxicity test system based on p53R2 gene expression in human cells: examination with 80 chemicals | journal = Mutation Research | volume = 588 | issue = 1 | pages = 47–57 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16236544 | doi = 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.09.002 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Zhou B, Liu X, Mo X, ''et al.'' |title=The human ribonucleotide reductase subunit hRRM2 complements p53R2 in response to UV-induced DNA repair in cells with mutant p53. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=63 |issue= 20 |pages= 6583-94 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14583450 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Qiu W, Zhou B, Darwish D, Shao J, Yen Y | title = Characterization of enzymatic properties of human ribonucleotide reductase holoenzyme reconstituted in vitro from hRRM1, hRRM2, and p53R2 subunits | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 340 | issue = 2 | pages = 428–34 | date = February 2006 | pmid = 16376858 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.019 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Okumura H, Natsugoe S, Yokomakura N, Kita Y, Matsumoto M, Uchikado Y, Setoyama T, Owaki T, Ishigami S, Aikou T | title = Expression of p53R2 is related to prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | journal = Clinical Cancer Research | volume = 12 | issue = 12 | pages = 3740–5 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16778101 | doi = 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2416 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Shao J, Zhou B, Zhu L, ''et al.'' |title=In vitro characterization of enzymatic properties and inhibition of the p53R2 subunit of human ribonucleotide reductase. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=64 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-6 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14729598 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yen Y, Chu B, Yen C, Shih J, Zhou B | title = Enzymatic property analysis of p53R2 subunit of human ribonucleotide reductase | journal = Advances in Enzyme Regulation | volume = 46 | issue =  | pages = 235–47 | year = 2007 | pmid = 16846634 | doi = 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2006.01.016 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lembo D, Donalisio M, Cornaglia M, Azzimonti B, Demurtas A, Landolfo S | title = Effect of high-risk human papillomavirus oncoproteins on p53R2 gene expression after DNA damage | journal = Virus Research | volume = 122 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 189–93 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 16872707 | doi = 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.06.011 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ceballos E, Muñoz-Alonso MJ, Berwanger B, ''et al.'' |title=Inhibitory effect of c-Myc on p53-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. Microarray analysis reveals defective induction of p53 target genes and upregulation of chaperone genes. |journal=Oncogene |volume=24 |issue= 28 |pages= 4559-71 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15856024 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1208652 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yokomakura N, Natsugoe S, Okumura H, Ikeda R, Uchikado Y, Mataki Y, Takatori H, Matsumoto M, Owaki T, Ishigami S, Aikou T | title = Improvement in radiosensitivity using small interfering RNA targeting p53R2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | journal = Oncology Reports | volume = 18 | issue = 3 | pages = 561–7 | date = September 2007 | pmid = 17671702 | doi = 10.3892/or.18.3.561 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Deng ZL, Xie DW, Bostick RM, ''et al.'' |title=Novel genetic variations of the p53R2 gene in patients with colorectal adenoma and controls. |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=11 |issue= 33 |pages= 5169-73 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16127747 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ohno K, Tanaka-Azuma Y, Yoneda Y, Yamada T |title=Genotoxicity test system based on p53R2 gene expression in human cells: examination with 80 chemicals. |journal=Mutat. Res. |volume=588 |issue= 1 |pages= 47-57 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16236544 |doi= 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.09.002 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Qiu W, Zhou B, Darwish D, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of enzymatic properties of human ribonucleotide reductase holoenzyme reconstituted in vitro from hRRM1, hRRM2, and p53R2 subunits. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=340 |issue= 2 |pages= 428-34 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16376858 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.019 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Okumura H, Natsugoe S, Yokomakura N, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of p53R2 is related to prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. |journal=Clin. Cancer Res. |volume=12 |issue= 12 |pages= 3740-5 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16778101 |doi= 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2416 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yen Y, Chu B, Yen C, ''et al.'' |title=Enzymatic property analysis of p53R2 subunit of human ribonucleotide reductase. |journal=Adv. Enzyme Regul. |volume=46 |issue=  |pages= 235-47 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16846634 |doi= 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2006.01.016 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lembo D, Donalisio M, Cornaglia M, ''et al.'' |title=Effect of high-risk human papillomavirus oncoproteins on p53R2 gene expression after DNA damage. |journal=Virus Res. |volume=122 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 189-93 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16872707 |doi= 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.06.011 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bourdon A, Minai L, Serre V, ''et al.'' |title=Mutation of RRM2B, encoding p53-controlled ribonucleotide reductase (p53R2), causes severe mitochondrial DNA depletion. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=39 |issue= 6 |pages= 776-80 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17486094 |doi= 10.1038/ng2040 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yokomakura N, Natsugoe S, Okumura H, ''et al.'' |title=Improvement in radiosensitivity using small interfering RNA targeting p53R2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. |journal=Oncol. Rep. |volume=18 |issue= 3 |pages= 561-7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17671702 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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[[Category:EC 1.17.4]]

Revision as of 02:10, 27 October 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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View/Edit Human

Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RRM2B gene.[1][2][3][4] The gene encoding the RRM2B protein is located on chromosome 8, at position 8q23.1. The gene and its products are also known by designations MTDPS8A, MTDPS8B, and p53R2.

Function

RRM2B codes for one of two versions of the R2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, which generates nucleotide precursors required for DNA replication by reducing ribonucleoside diphosphates to deoxyribonucloside diphosphates. The version of R2 encoded by RRM2B is induced by p53, and is required for normal DNA repair and mtDNA synthesis in non-proliferating cells. The other form of R2 is expressed only in dividing cells.[5]

Interactions

RRM2B has been shown to interact with Mdm2[6] and Ataxia telangiectasia mutated.[6]

Clinical relevance

Abnormalities in this gene are one of the causes of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDDS).[7][8] Neonatal hypotonia, developmental delay, encephalopathy, with seizures, deafness and lactic acidosis have been associated with mutations in this gene. MDDS is fatal, with death occurring from respiratory failure in early childhood.[9][10]

It has been associated with some cases of pediatric acute liver failure.[11]

Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause progressive external ophthalmoplegia.[12]

Increased expression of RRM2B has been correlated with gemcitabine resistance in human cholangiocarcinoma cells[13] and may be predictive of lack of clinical benefit from gemcitabine for human cancers.

References

  1. ↑ Tanaka H, Arakawa H, Yamaguchi T, Shiraishi K, Fukuda S, Matsui K, Takei Y, Nakamura Y (March 2000). "A ribonucleotide reductase gene involved in a p53-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint for DNA damage". Nature. 404 (6773): 42–9. doi:10.1038/35003506. PMID 10716435.
  2. ↑ Nakano K, Bálint E, Ashcroft M, Vousden KH (August 2000). "A ribonucleotide reductase gene is a transcriptional target of p53 and p73". Oncogene. 19 (37): 4283–9. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203774. PMID 10980602.
  3. ↑ Bourdon A, Minai L, Serre V, Jais JP, Sarzi E, Aubert S, Chrétien D, de Lonlay P, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Arakawa H, Nakamura Y, Munnich A, Rötig A (June 2007). "Mutation of RRM2B, encoding p53-controlled ribonucleotide reductase (p53R2), causes severe mitochondrial DNA depletion". Nature Genetics. 39 (6): 776–80. doi:10.1038/ng2040. PMID 17486094.
  4. ↑ "Entrez Gene: RRM2B ribonucleotide reductase M2 B (TP53 inducible)".
  5. ↑ Copeland WC (2012). "Defects in mitochondrial DNA replication and human disease". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 47 (1): 64–74. doi:10.3109/10409238.2011.632763. PMC 3244805. PMID 22176657.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Chang L, Zhou B, Hu S, Guo R, Liu X, Jones SN, Yen Y (November 2008). "ATM-mediated serine 72 phosphorylation stabilizes ribonucleotide reductase small subunit p53R2 protein against MDM2 to DNA damage". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (47): 18519–24. doi:10.1073/pnas.0803313105. PMC 2587585. PMID 19015526.
  7. ↑ Gorman GS, Taylor RW (April 17, 2014). "RRM2B-Related Mitochondrial Disease". GeneReviews. University of Washington, Seattle.
  8. ↑ "RRM2B-related mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, encephalomyopathic form with renal tubulopathy". United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  9. ↑ Acham-Roschitz B, Plecko B, Lindbichler F, Bittner R, Mache CJ, Sperl W, Mayr JA (November 2009). "A novel mutation of the RRM2B gene in an infant with early fatal encephalomyopathy, central hypomyelination, and tubulopathy". Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 98 (3): 300–4. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.06.012. PMID 19616983.
  10. ↑ Kropach N, Shkalim-Zemer V, Orenstein N, Scheuerman O, Straussberg R (May 2017). "Novel RRM2B Mutation and Severe Mitochondrial DNA Depletion: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature". Neuropediatrics. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1601867. PMID 28482374.
  11. ↑ Valencia CA, Wang X, Wang J, Peters A, Simmons JR, Moran MC, Mathur A, Husami A, Qian Y, Sheridan R, Bove KE, Witte D, Huang T, Miethke AG (2016). "Deep Sequencing Reveals Novel Genetic Variants in Children with Acute Liver Failure and Tissue Evidence of Impaired Energy Metabolism". PLoS One. 11 (8): e0156738. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156738. PMID 27483465.
  12. ↑ Takata A, Kato M, Nakamura M, Yoshikawa T, Kanba S, Sano A, Kato T (September 2011). "Exome sequencing identifies a novel missense variant in RRM2B associated with autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia". Genome Biology. 12 (9): R92. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-9-r92. PMC 3308055. PMID 21951382.
  13. ↑ Sato J, Kimura T, Saito T, Anazawa T, Kenjo A, Sato Y, Tsuchiya T, Gotoh M (September 2011). "Gene expression analysis for predicting gemcitabine resistance in human cholangiocarcinoma". Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences. 18 (5): 700–11. doi:10.1007/s00534-011-0376-7. PMID 21451941.

Further reading

  • Guittet O, Håkansson P, Voevodskaya N, Fridd S, Gräslund A, Arakawa H, Nakamura Y, Thelander L (November 2001). "Mammalian p53R2 protein forms an active ribonucleotide reductase in vitro with the R1 protein, which is expressed both in resting cells in response to DNA damage and in proliferating cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (44): 40647–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106088200. PMID 11517226.
  • Yamaguchi T, Matsuda K, Sagiya Y, Iwadate M, Fujino MA, Nakamura Y, Arakawa H (November 2001). "p53R2-dependent pathway for DNA synthesis in a p53-regulated cell cycle checkpoint". Cancer Research. 61 (22): 8256–62. PMID 11719458.
  • Yanamoto S, Kawasaki G, Yoshitomi I, Mizuno A (February 2003). "Expression of p53R2, newly p53 target in oral normal epithelium, epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma". Cancer Letters. 190 (2): 233–43. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(02)00588-8. PMID 12565178.
  • Xue L, Zhou B, Liu X, Qiu W, Jin Z, Yen Y (March 2003). "Wild-type p53 regulates human ribonucleotide reductase by protein-protein interaction with p53R2 as well as hRRM2 subunits". Cancer Research. 63 (5): 980–6. PMID 12615712.
  • Zhou B, Liu X, Mo X, Xue L, Darwish D, Qiu W, Shih J, Hwu EB, Luh F, Yen Y (October 2003). "The human ribonucleotide reductase subunit hRRM2 complements p53R2 in response to UV-induced DNA repair in cells with mutant p53". Cancer Research. 63 (20): 6583–94. PMID 14583450.
  • Shao J, Zhou B, Zhu L, Qiu W, Yuan YC, Xi B, Yen Y (January 2004). "In vitro characterization of enzymatic properties and inhibition of the p53R2 subunit of human ribonucleotide reductase". Cancer Research. 64 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-3048. PMID 14729598.
  • Ceballos E, Muñoz-Alonso MJ, Berwanger B, Acosta JC, Hernández R, Krause M, Hartmann O, Eilers M, León J (June 2005). "Inhibitory effect of c-Myc on p53-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. Microarray analysis reveals defective induction of p53 target genes and upregulation of chaperone genes". Oncogene. 24 (28): 4559–71. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208652. PMID 15856024.
  • Deng ZL, Xie DW, Bostick RM, Miao XJ, Gong YL, Zhang JH, Wargovich MJ (September 2005). "Novel genetic variations of the p53R2 gene in patients with colorectal adenoma and controls". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 11 (33): 5169–73. PMID 16127747.
  • Ohno K, Tanaka-Azuma Y, Yoneda Y, Yamada T (December 2005). "Genotoxicity test system based on p53R2 gene expression in human cells: examination with 80 chemicals". Mutation Research. 588 (1): 47–57. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.09.002. PMID 16236544.
  • Qiu W, Zhou B, Darwish D, Shao J, Yen Y (February 2006). "Characterization of enzymatic properties of human ribonucleotide reductase holoenzyme reconstituted in vitro from hRRM1, hRRM2, and p53R2 subunits". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 340 (2): 428–34. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.019. PMID 16376858.
  • Okumura H, Natsugoe S, Yokomakura N, Kita Y, Matsumoto M, Uchikado Y, Setoyama T, Owaki T, Ishigami S, Aikou T (June 2006). "Expression of p53R2 is related to prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Clinical Cancer Research. 12 (12): 3740–5. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2416. PMID 16778101.
  • Yen Y, Chu B, Yen C, Shih J, Zhou B (2007). "Enzymatic property analysis of p53R2 subunit of human ribonucleotide reductase". Advances in Enzyme Regulation. 46: 235–47. doi:10.1016/j.advenzreg.2006.01.016. PMID 16846634.
  • Lembo D, Donalisio M, Cornaglia M, Azzimonti B, Demurtas A, Landolfo S (December 2006). "Effect of high-risk human papillomavirus oncoproteins on p53R2 gene expression after DNA damage". Virus Research. 122 (1–2): 189–93. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2006.06.011. PMID 16872707.
  • Yokomakura N, Natsugoe S, Okumura H, Ikeda R, Uchikado Y, Mataki Y, Takatori H, Matsumoto M, Owaki T, Ishigami S, Aikou T (September 2007). "Improvement in radiosensitivity using small interfering RNA targeting p53R2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Oncology Reports. 18 (3): 561–7. doi:10.3892/or.18.3.561. PMID 17671702.
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