Type page name here pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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*Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: Transmitted by the rodents | *Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: Transmitted by the rodents | ||
*West nile virus: Transmitted via parasitic pathogens | *West nile virus: Transmitted via parasitic pathogens | ||
<ref name = "Infections of the Central Nervous System">| last1= Scheld| first1= W. Michael| last2= Whitley| first2= Richard| last3= Marra| first3= Christina| date=2014| isbn= 9781496305954 < | <ref name = "Infections of the Central Nervous System">{{Cite Book| last1= Scheld| first1= W. Michael| last2= Whitley| first2= Richard| last3= Marra| first3= Christina| date=2014| isbn= 9781496305954}}</ref> | ||
==Genetics== | ==Genetics== |
Revision as of 19:46, 27 March 2017
Viral meningitis Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Viral meningitis pathophysiology differs from virus to another and depends on many factors like age, immune status and gene expression. Invasion into or past the meninges by a pathogen can set up a local inflammatory response. The clinical signs are due to this meningeal irritation - for example, Kernig's sign is due to pain produced by stretching of the inflamed meninges.
Pathogenesis
- The causative viral agents can reach the nervous system via the blood or the nerves themselves. There is a difference in both pathways pathogenesis. Viral spreading through the blood (viremia) is more common in viral meningitis pathogenesis. The viruses enter to the pulmonary and intestinal mucosa at which they spread into the blood to reach the lymph nodes where viral replication takes place and this is called primary viremia. At this point, the host cells try to prevent further replication from happening and if they fail to stop the replication, secondary viremia will take place and the viruses can spread to the nervous system causing many clinical manifestations. [1]
- Enteroviruses:
- They include coxsackievirus A&B, echovirus, enterovirus, hepatitis A and poliovirus.
- Infection can be started in the nasal mucosa and after that it can be ingested in the stomach. It gets attached to the enterocytes then the viruses reach the peyer's patches of the lamina propria where the replication takes place.
Transmission
Infectious transmission is different among the viruses causing viral meningitis:
- Enteroviruses: Feco-oral transmission
- Herpes simplex viruse: Interhuman transmission
- Arboviruses: Transmitted through mosquitoes
- Mumps: Transmitted via the blood
- Influenza: Postinfections - airborne transmission
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: Transmitted by the rodents
- West nile virus: Transmitted via parasitic pathogens
Genetics
Associated conditions
Gross pathology
Microscopic pathology
References
- ↑ Rotbart HA (2000). "Viral meningitis". Semin Neurol. 20 (3): 277–92. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9427. PMID 11051293.
- ↑ Template:Cite Book