Progressive outer retinal necrosis: Difference between revisions
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==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
===Diagnostic Criteria=== | ===Diagnostic Criteria=== | ||
The following standardized criteria are used to officially diagnose Progessive outer retinal necrosis:<ref name="pmid8090452">{{cite journal |vauthors=Engstrom RE, Holland GN, Margolis TP, Muccioli C, Lindley JI, Belfort R, Holland SP, Johnston WH, Wolitz RA, Kreiger AE |title=The progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome. A variant of necrotizing herpetic retinopathy in patients with AIDS |journal=Ophthalmology |volume=101 |issue=9 |pages=1488–502 |year=1994 |pmid=8090452 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Presence of [[multifocal]] [[lesions]] without [[granular]] borders in the deep [[retinal]] layers | |||
*Evidence that the infection started in the peripheral [[retina]] with or without [[focal]] involvement | |||
*Extremely rapid progression | |||
*Presence of minimal intraocular infection | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | ===History and Symptoms=== | ||
===Physical Examination=== | ===Physical Examination=== | ||
Revision as of 14:45, 29 August 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Overview
Progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN), also known as Varicella zoster virus retinitis (VZVR)[1], is an aggressive, necrotizing inflammation of the eye's retina caused by herpes varicella zoster virus. It is typically found in people with advanced AIDS, but has also been reported in those who are severely immunocompromised due to chemotherapy[2].
The majority of those with progressive outer retinal necrosis develop severe vision loss and blindness[3]. Systemic antiviral drugs may improve the long-term visual outcome in those with the disease[1].
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Progressive outer retinal necrosis from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
Complications
Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
The following standardized criteria are used to officially diagnose Progessive outer retinal necrosis:[4]
- Presence of multifocal lesions without granular borders in the deep retinal layers
- Evidence that the infection started in the peripheral retina with or without focal involvement
- Extremely rapid progression
- Presence of minimal intraocular infection
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Prevention
See also
- Cytomegalovirus retinitis
- List of eye diseases and disorders
- List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Moorthy RS, Weinberg DV, Teich SA, Berger BB, Minturn JT, Kumar S, Rao NA, Fowell SM, Loose IA, Jampol LM. "Management of varicella zoster virus retinitis in AIDS." Br J Ophthalmol. 1997 Mar;81(3):189-94. PMID 9135381
- ↑ Copeland R, Phillpotts B. "Ocular Manifestations of HIV." eMedicine.com. January 20, 2005.
- ↑ Holland GN. "The progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome." Int Ophthalmol. 1994;18(3):163-5. PMID 7852023.
- ↑ Engstrom RE, Holland GN, Margolis TP, Muccioli C, Lindley JI, Belfort R, Holland SP, Johnston WH, Wolitz RA, Kreiger AE (1994). "The progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome. A variant of necrotizing herpetic retinopathy in patients with AIDS". Ophthalmology. 101 (9): 1488–502. PMID 8090452.