Bleomycin: Difference between revisions

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<!--Brand Names-->
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==Overview==
<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
'''Bleomycin''' is a [[Glycosylation|glycosylated]] [[linear]] [[nonribosomal peptide]] [[antibiotic]] produced by the [[bacterium]] ''[[Streptomyces]] verticillus''. Bleomycin refers to a family of structurally related compounds. When used as an anti-[[cancer]] agent, the chemotherapeutical forms are primarily bleomycin A<sub>2</sub> and B<sub>2</sub>.  Bleomycin A<sub>2</sub> is shown in the image. The drug is used in the treatment of [[Hodgkin lymphoma]] (as a component of the [[ABVD]] [[chemotherapy regimen|regimen]]), [[squamous cell]] carcinomas, and [[testicular cancer]], [[pleurodesis]] as well as [[plantar warts]].
|lookAlike=* A® — B®<ref name="www.ismp.org">{{Cite web  | last = | first = | title = http://www.ismp.org | url = http://www.ismp.org | publisher = | date =  }}</ref>


==History==
<!--Drug Shortage Status-->
{{see also|History of cancer chemotherapy}}
|drugShortage=
Bleomycin was first discovered in 1962 when the Japanese scientist [[Hamao Umezawa]] found anti-cancer activity while screening culture filtrates of ''S. verticullus''. Umezawa published his discovery in 1966. The drug was launched in Japan by Nippon Kayaku in 1969. In the US bleomycin gained [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) approval in July 1973. It was initially marketed in the US by the [[Bristol-Myers Squibb]] precursor Bristol Laboratories under the brand name Blenoxane.
}}
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<!--Pill Image-->


==Suppliers==
Bristol-Myers Squibb still supplies Blenoxane. There are also generic versions of bleomycin available from Bedford, Sicor ([[Teva Pharmaceutical Industries|Teva]]) and Mayne Pharma.


==Mechanism of action==
Bleomycin acts by induction of [[DNA]] strand breaks. Some studies suggest that bleomycin also inhibits incorporation of [[thymidine]] into DNA strands. DNA cleavage by bleomycin depends on oxygen and metal ions, at least ''in vitro''. It is believed that bleomycin [[chelation|chelates]] metal ions (primarily iron) producing a pseudoenzyme that reacts with oxygen to produce superoxide and hydroxide free radicals that cleave DNA.  In addition, these complexes also mediate [[lipid]] peroxidation and oxidation of other cellular molecules.


==Side effects==
<!--Label Display Image-->
The most serious complication of bleomycin is [[pulmonary fibrosis]] and impaired lung function. Other [[Adverse effect (medicine)|side effects]] include [[fever]], rash, [[hyperpigmentation]], [[alopecia]], [[Raynaud's phenomenon]], and [[ototoxicity]].


==See also==
* [[Testicular cancer]]
* [[Hodgkin lymphoma]]
* [[Chemotherapy regimen]]
* [[History of cancer chemotherapy]]
* [[ABVD]]






==References==
* {{cite journal
| author = Claussen, C.A.; Long, E.C.
| title = Nucleic Acid Recognition by Metal Complexes of Bleomycin
| journal = Chem. Rev.
| year = 1999
| volume = 99
| pages = 2797-2816
| pmid = 11749501
}}


[[Category:Chemotherapeutic agents]]
<!--Category-->
{{Chemotherapeutic agents}}


[[de:Bleomycin]]
[[Category:Drug]]
[[fr:Bléomycine]]
[[pl:Bleomycyna]]
[[tr:Bleomisin]]
[[zh:博来霉素]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Revision as of 21:22, 13 January 2015

Bleomycin
Black Box Warning
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];

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Black Box Warning

ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
  • Content

Overview

Bleomycin is a {{{drugClass}}} that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of {{{indication}}}. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include .

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition3
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition4
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Bleomycin in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Bleomycin in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Bleomycin in pediatric patients.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Bleomycin in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Bleomycin in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • Condition1

Warnings

ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
  • Content
  • Description

Precautions

  • Description

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Bleomycin in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Bleomycin in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Drug Interactions

  • Drug
  • Description

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA):

  • Pregnancy Category


Pregnancy Category (AUS):

  • Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category

There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Bleomycin in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Bleomycin during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Bleomycin with respect to nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Bleomycin with respect to pediatric patients.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Bleomycin with respect to geriatric patients.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Bleomycin with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Bleomycin with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Bleomycin in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Bleomycin in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Bleomycin in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Bleomycin in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Oral
  • Intravenous

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Monitoring of Bleomycin in the drug label.

  • Description

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Bleomycin in the drug label.

Overdosage

Acute Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

  • Description

Management

  • Description

Chronic Overdose

There is limited information regarding Chronic Overdose of Bleomycin in the drug label.

Pharmacology

There is limited information regarding Bleomycin Pharmacology in the drug label.

Mechanism of Action

Structure

File:Bleomycin01.png
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacodynamics of Bleomycin in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacokinetics of Bleomycin in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Nonclinical Toxicology of Bleomycin in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Bleomycin in the drug label.

How Supplied

Storage

There is limited information regarding Bleomycin Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Bleomycin |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

{{#ask: Label Page::Bleomycin |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Patient Counseling Information of Bleomycin in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • Alcohol-Bleomycin interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

Look-Alike Drug Names

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  2. ↑ "http://www.ismp.org". External link in |title= (help)

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