Anthrax physical examination: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
The physical findings of [[anthrax]] infection depend on the mode of anthrax exposure in the patient (cutaneous, ingestion, inhalation, injection). Common findings associated with [[cutaneous]] anthrax infection include [[fever]], [[tachycardia]], [[skin rash]] with formation of a typical [[scar]], [[edema]], and [[lymphadenopathy]]; with [[gastrointestinal]] anthrax infection include [[fever]], [[tachycardia]], [[mucosal]] [[ulcer]], and [[edema]] in case of [[oropharyngeal]] lesion and [[edema]] and [[pallor]] in more severe cases; with [[inhalation]] anthrax infection includes [[fever]], [[tachycardia]], [[bradypnea]] in severe cases, [[pallor]], [[cyanosis]], and decreased [[heart]] and [[lung]] sounds in the presence of [[pleural effusion]]; and with anthrax infection due to injection include [[fever]], typical skin [[scar]] at the site of injection, [[edema]], and [[subcutaneous]] and/or muscular [[abscess]].
The physical findings of [[anthrax]] infection depend on the mode of anthrax exposure in the patient (cutaneous, ingestion, inhalation, injection). Common findings associated with [[cutaneous]] anthrax infection include [[fever]], [[tachycardia]], [[skin rash]] with formation of a typical [[scar]], [[edema]], and [[lymphadenopathy]].  Signs of [[gastrointestinal]] anthrax infection include [[fever]], [[tachycardia]], [[mucosal]] [[ulcer]], [[edema]] in case of [[oropharyngeal]] lesion, and [[edema]] and [[pallor]] in more severe cases[[Inhalation]] anthrax is associated with [[fever]], [[tachycardia]], [[bradypnea]] in severe cases, [[pallor]], [[cyanosis]], and decreased [[heart]] and [[lung]] sounds in the presence of [[pleural effusion]].  Findings in anthrax infection due to injection include [[fever]], typical skin [[scar]] at the site of injection, [[edema]], and [[subcutaneous]] and/or muscular [[abscess]].


==Cutaneous Anthrax==
==Cutaneous Anthrax==

Revision as of 19:54, 17 July 2014

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

The physical findings of anthrax infection depend on the mode of anthrax exposure in the patient (cutaneous, ingestion, inhalation, injection). Common findings associated with cutaneous anthrax infection include fever, tachycardia, skin rash with formation of a typical scar, edema, and lymphadenopathy. Signs of gastrointestinal anthrax infection include fever, tachycardia, mucosal ulcer, edema in case of oropharyngeal lesion, and edema and pallor in more severe cases. Inhalation anthrax is associated with fever, tachycardia, bradypnea in severe cases, pallor, cyanosis, and decreased heart and lung sounds in the presence of pleural effusion. Findings in anthrax infection due to injection include fever, typical skin scar at the site of injection, edema, and subcutaneous and/or muscular abscess.

Cutaneous Anthrax

Vitals

Temperature

Pulse

Blood Pressure

Skin

Neck

  • Lymph nodes may be present, particularly if initial lesion is located in that region

Abdomen

Extremities

  • Edema may be present, particularly around the initial lesion

Neurologic

  • The mental status may be altered in case of severe systemic anthrax

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

Vitals

Temperature

Blood Pressure

Respiratory Rate

  • Bradypnea may be present in more severe cases

Skin

  • Edema may be present, particularly in the neck region
  • Pallor may be present in cases of systemic anthrax with shock

Throat

Neck

Abdomen

Extremities

Neurologic

  • The mental status may be altered in case of severe systemic anthrax
  • Coma may be present

Inhalation Anthrax

Vitals

Temperature

Blood Pressure

Respiratory Rate

  • Bradypnea may be present in more severe cases

Skin

Neck

Auscultation

Extremities

Neurologic

  • The mental status may be altered in case of severe systemic anthrax
  • Coma may be present

Injection Anthrax

Vitals

Temperature

Respiratory Rate

References