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{{familytree | | | A01 | |A01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: 23em; width: 40em; padding:1em;">'''Characterize the symptoms:'''
{{familytree | | | A01 | |A01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: 23em; width: 40em; padding:1em;">'''Characterize the symptoms:'''
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❑ '''Chest pain''' <br> ❑ '''Cough'''<br> ❑ '''Cyanosis'''<br>❑ '''Diaphoresis'''<br>❑ '''Dyspnea'''<br>❑ '''Fever'''<br>❑ Hypotension<br>❑ '''Tachycardia<br>❑ '''Tachypnea'''</div>}}
❑ '''Chest pain''' <br> ❑ Cough<br> ❑ Cyanosis<br>❑ Diaphoresis<br>❑ Dyspnea<br>❑ Fever<br>❑ Hypotension<br>❑ Tachycardia<br>❑ Tachypnea</div>}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | B01 | |B01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: 17em; width: 40em; padding:1em;">'''Patient evaluation:'''
{{familytree | | | B01 | |B01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: 17em; width: 40em; padding:1em;">'''Patient evaluation:'''
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{{familytree | | | C01 | | |C01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: 30em; width: 40em; padding:1em;">'''Urgent Labs:'''<br> ❑ ABG<br> ❑Calculate A-a gradient<br> ❑ [[CBC]]<br>❑ [[Electrolytes]] <br> ❑ [[BUN]] <br> ❑ [[Creatinine]]<br>❑ [[CXR]]<br>♦ normal-sized heart<br>♦ Peripheral distribution of infiltrates<br>♦ Air-bronchogram (80%)
{{familytree | | | C01 | | |C01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: 30em; width: 40em; padding:1em;">'''Urgent Labs:'''<br> ❑ ABG<br> ❑Calculate A-a gradient<br> ❑ [[CBC]]<br>❑ [[Electrolytes]] <br> ❑ [[BUN]] <br> ❑ [[Creatinine]]<br>❑ [[CXR]]<br>♦ normal-sized heart<br>♦ Peripheral distribution of infiltrates<br>♦ Air-bronchogram (80%)
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'''Consider additional tests based on each patient's presentation:'''<ref name="pmid12974970">{{cite journal| author=Varon J, Marik PE| title=Clinical review: the management of hypertensive crises. | journal=Crit Care | year= 2003 | volume= 7 | issue= 5 | pages= 374-84 | pmid=12974970 | doi=10.1186/cc2351 | pmc=PMC270718 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12974970  }} </ref> <br>
'''Consider additional tests if necessary''': <br>


<table>
<table>
<tr class="v-firstrow"><th>❑ Urine [[electrolytes]], [[creatinine]], protein </th><th>❑ [[CT]]/[[MRI]]</th></tr>
<tr class="v-firstrow"><th>❑ Bronchoalveolar lavage - gram stain, culture & cytology</th><th>❑ Bronchoscopy </th></tr>
<tr><td>❑ Renal ultrasound + doppler </td><td> ❑ [[TSH]], free T3, free T4 </td></tr>
<tr><td>❑ BNP - <100 pg/mL</td><td> ❑ [[CT]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>❑ Serum [[cortisol]] </td><td> ❑ Serum [[aldosterone]] </td></tr>
<tr><td>❑ Echocardiography </td><td> ❑ [[EKG]] - sinus tachycardia, non-specific ST-T wave changes</td></tr>
<tr><td>❑ Serum [[renin]] </td><td> ❑ 24-hr urinary [[catecholamine]] & [[metanephrine]] </td></tr>
<tr><td>❑ Lung biopsy </td><td>❑ PAWP - <15 mmHg</td></tr>
<tr><td>❑ Serum [[parathyroid hormone]] </td><td> ❑ Urine and serum [[toxicology]] screen </td></tr>
<tr><td>❑ Urine [[pregnancy]] test </td><td>❑ [[ANA]]/[[ESR]]/[[CRP]]/anti-dsDNA/anti-smith/rheumatoid factor/p-ANCA/c-ANCA</td></tr>
</table>
</table>
</div>}}}}
</div>}}
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Revision as of 19:37, 20 January 2014

Management

 
 
Characterize the symptoms:
Chest pain
❑ Cough
❑ Cyanosis
❑ Diaphoresis
❑ Dyspnea
❑ Fever
❑ Hypotension
❑ Tachycardia
❑ Tachypnea
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Patient evaluation:

Obtain a detailed history:
♦ Age
♦ History of heart disease
♦ History of chest infection


Examine the patient:
♦ Head/Neck - Neck veins (flat, no ↑JVP)
♦ Chest - No S3/S4, no murmurs
♦ Limbs - Hyperdynamic pulses, no edema
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Urgent Labs:
❑ ABG
❑Calculate A-a gradient
CBC
Electrolytes
BUN
Creatinine
CXR
♦ normal-sized heart
♦ Peripheral distribution of infiltrates
♦ Air-bronchogram (80%)

Consider additional tests if necessary:

❑ Bronchoalveolar lavage - gram stain, culture & cytology❑ Bronchoscopy
❑ BNP - <100 pg/mLCT
❑ Echocardiography EKG - sinus tachycardia, non-specific ST-T wave changes
❑ Lung biopsy ❑ PAWP - <15 mmHg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

References