Diastolic dysfunction causes: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Rim Halaby (talk | contribs) (→Causes) |
Rim Halaby (talk | contribs) (→Causes) |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
*'''1- Impaired extent and/or speed of myocardial relaxation:''' | *'''1- Impaired extent and/or speed of myocardial relaxation:''' | ||
**Myocardial relaxation is an ATP dependent process regulated by the rate of | **Myocardial relaxation is an ATP dependent process regulated by the rate of re-uptake of cytoplasmic calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. | ||
**Low concentration of calcium, as seen in [[ischemia]], is associated with a slowed down myocardial relaxation. | **Low concentration of calcium, as seen in [[ischemia]], is associated with a slowed down myocardial relaxation. | ||
*'''2- Increased myocardial stiffness:''' | *'''2- Increased myocardial stiffness:''' | ||
**Myocardial stiffness can be secondary to cardiac muscle hypertrophy (for example as seen in hypertension) | **Myocardial stiffness can be secondary to cardiac muscle hypertrophy (for example as seen in [[hypertension]]) | ||
**Myocardial stiffness can be the result of infiltrative diseases like amyloidosis. | **Myocardial stiffness can be the result of [[infiltrative diseases]] like [[amyloidosis]]. | ||
**Scarred heart muscle,occurring after a heart attack, scars are relatively stiff. | **Scarred heart muscle,occurring after a heart attack, scars are relatively stiff. | ||
**[[Diabetes]] can be a cause of cardiac stiffness as a result of [[glycosylation]] of the heart muscle. | **[[Diabetes]] can be a cause of cardiac stiffness as a result of [[glycosylation]] of the heart muscle. | ||
| Line 16: | Line 15: | ||
**Extrinsic constraints can be seen in pericardial compression | **Extrinsic constraints can be seen in pericardial compression | ||
*'''4- Chamber dilatation:''' | *'''4- Chamber dilatation:''' | ||
**Severe systolic dysfunction that has led to ventricular dilation can be associated with diastolic dysfunction.When the ventricle has been stretched to a certain point, any further attempt to stretch it more, as by blood trying to enter it from the left atrium, meets with increased resistance and thus decrease compliance. | **Severe systolic dysfunction that has led to ventricular dilation can be associated with diastolic dysfunction. When the ventricle has been stretched to a certain point, any further attempt to stretch it more, as by blood trying to enter it from the left atrium, meets with increased resistance and thus decrease compliance. | ||
*5'''- Miscelleneous:''' | *5'''- Miscelleneous:''' | ||
**In [[mitral stenosis]], blood cannot readily flow out from the [[left atrium]] into the [[left ventricle]] since the valve between those two heart chambers is blocked which causes the blood to back up into the left atrium and, eventually, the lungs. [[Pulmonary edema]] may result. | **In [[mitral stenosis]], blood cannot readily flow out from the [[left atrium]] into the [[left ventricle]] since the valve between those two heart chambers is blocked which causes the blood to back up into the left atrium and, eventually, the lungs. [[Pulmonary edema]] may result. | ||
**Diastolic dysunction secondary to [[mitral stenosis]] is especially when the heart rate is elevated, as occurs in [[exercise]] and [[pregnancy]]. Thus, there will be insufficient time for blood to traverse the narrowed passageway (i.e. [[mitral valve]]) between the [[left atrium]] and [[left ventricle]].<ref>Mann D.L., Chakinala M. (2012). Chapter 234. Heart Failure and Cor Pulmonale. In D.L. Longo, A.S. Fauci, D.L. Kasper, S.L. Hauser, J.L. Jameson, J. Loscalzo (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e.</ref> | **Diastolic dysunction secondary to [[mitral stenosis]] is especially seen when the heart rate is elevated, as occurs in [[exercise]] and [[pregnancy]]. Thus, there will be insufficient time for the blood to traverse the narrowed passageway (i.e. [[mitral valve]]) between the [[left atrium]] and [[left ventricle]].<ref>Mann D.L., Chakinala M. (2012). Chapter 234. Heart Failure and Cor Pulmonale. In D.L. Longo, A.S. Fauci, D.L. Kasper, S.L. Hauser, J.L. Jameson, J. Loscalzo (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e.</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 02:25, 20 October 2012
|
Diastolic dysfunction Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Diastolic dysfunction causes On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Diastolic dysfunction causes |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Diastolic dysfunction causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
- 1- Impaired extent and/or speed of myocardial relaxation:
- Myocardial relaxation is an ATP dependent process regulated by the rate of re-uptake of cytoplasmic calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Low concentration of calcium, as seen in ischemia, is associated with a slowed down myocardial relaxation.
- 2- Increased myocardial stiffness:
- Myocardial stiffness can be secondary to cardiac muscle hypertrophy (for example as seen in hypertension)
- Myocardial stiffness can be the result of infiltrative diseases like amyloidosis.
- Scarred heart muscle,occurring after a heart attack, scars are relatively stiff.
- Diabetes can be a cause of cardiac stiffness as a result of glycosylation of the heart muscle.
- 3- Extrinsic constraints:
- Extrinsic constraints can be seen in pericardial compression
- 4- Chamber dilatation:
- Severe systolic dysfunction that has led to ventricular dilation can be associated with diastolic dysfunction. When the ventricle has been stretched to a certain point, any further attempt to stretch it more, as by blood trying to enter it from the left atrium, meets with increased resistance and thus decrease compliance.
- 5- Miscelleneous:
- In mitral stenosis, blood cannot readily flow out from the left atrium into the left ventricle since the valve between those two heart chambers is blocked which causes the blood to back up into the left atrium and, eventually, the lungs. Pulmonary edema may result.
- Diastolic dysunction secondary to mitral stenosis is especially seen when the heart rate is elevated, as occurs in exercise and pregnancy. Thus, there will be insufficient time for the blood to traverse the narrowed passageway (i.e. mitral valve) between the left atrium and left ventricle.[1]
References
- ↑ Mann D.L., Chakinala M. (2012). Chapter 234. Heart Failure and Cor Pulmonale. In D.L. Longo, A.S. Fauci, D.L. Kasper, S.L. Hauser, J.L. Jameson, J. Loscalzo (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e.