Enterobiasis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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{{Pinworm}}{{CMG}} | {{Pinworm}}{{CMG}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The '''pinworm''' (Genus '''''Enterobius''''') is a [[parasitic]] [[roundworm]] of the phylum [[Nematoda]]. | |||
== Forms of worm == | |||
The best known is the human pinworm ''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]'' and the more recently discovered ''[[Enterobius gregorii]]''. The adult pinworm male is 1–4 [[millimetre|mm]] in length, while the adult female is 8–13 mm and possesses the long, pin-shaped posterior for which the worm is named. The human pinworm is commonly found in children, but adults may also be affected. | |||
== Habitat == | |||
The pinworm lives in the large intestine and cecum. It is found worldwide, and causes the most common infection [[enterobiasis]] in humans. Unlike many other [[intestinal parasite]]s, the pinworm does not usually enter the [[bloodstream]] or any other organs besides the intestines. Only in rare cases pinworms are found in the [[vagina]], and even more rarely in the [[uterus]], [[fallopian tube]]s, [[liver]], and [[peritoneum]], but the worms cannot survive long in these places. | |||
The human pinworm ''Enterobius vermicularis'' is a ubiquitous parasite of man, it being estimated that over 200 million people are infected annually. It is more common in the temperate regions of Western Europe and North America, (it being relatively rare in the tropics) and is found particularly in children. Samples of Caucasian children in the U.S.A. and Canada have shown incidences of infection of between 30% to 80%, with similar levels in Europe.<ref>[http://www.path.cam.ac.uk/~schisto/Nematodes/Enterobius.htmlThe Human Pinworm]</ref> | |||
== Reproduction == | |||
After mating, the male dies. The female migrates to the [[anus]] and emerges, usually during the night, to deposit about 10,000 to 20,000 [[egg (biology)|egg]]s in the perianal area (around the anus). She then secretes a substance which causes a very strong[[itch]]ing sensation, inciting the host to scratch the area and thus transfer some of the eggs to the fingers. Eggs can also be transferred to cloth, toys, and the bathtub. Once ingested orally, the [[larva|larvae]] hatch in the small intestine specifically the duodenum and migrate back to the large intestine where they mature, maturity is reached in 30-45 days. The eggs can survive for 2 to 3 weeks on their own outside of the human body. In some cases, the larvae will hatch in the peri-anal area and travel back inside the anus, up the rectum, and back into the intestines where they mature.<ref>Rudolph's Pediatrics - 21st Ed. 2003; Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment - 45th Ed. 2006</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 18:55, 6 February 2012
Template:PinwormEditor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The pinworm (Genus Enterobius) is a parasitic roundworm of the phylum Nematoda.
Forms of worm
The best known is the human pinworm Enterobius vermicularis and the more recently discovered Enterobius gregorii. The adult pinworm male is 1–4 mm in length, while the adult female is 8–13 mm and possesses the long, pin-shaped posterior for which the worm is named. The human pinworm is commonly found in children, but adults may also be affected.
Habitat
The pinworm lives in the large intestine and cecum. It is found worldwide, and causes the most common infection enterobiasis in humans. Unlike many other intestinal parasites, the pinworm does not usually enter the bloodstream or any other organs besides the intestines. Only in rare cases pinworms are found in the vagina, and even more rarely in the uterus, fallopian tubes, liver, and peritoneum, but the worms cannot survive long in these places.
The human pinworm Enterobius vermicularis is a ubiquitous parasite of man, it being estimated that over 200 million people are infected annually. It is more common in the temperate regions of Western Europe and North America, (it being relatively rare in the tropics) and is found particularly in children. Samples of Caucasian children in the U.S.A. and Canada have shown incidences of infection of between 30% to 80%, with similar levels in Europe.[1]
Reproduction
After mating, the male dies. The female migrates to the anus and emerges, usually during the night, to deposit about 10,000 to 20,000 eggs in the perianal area (around the anus). She then secretes a substance which causes a very strongitching sensation, inciting the host to scratch the area and thus transfer some of the eggs to the fingers. Eggs can also be transferred to cloth, toys, and the bathtub. Once ingested orally, the larvae hatch in the small intestine specifically the duodenum and migrate back to the large intestine where they mature, maturity is reached in 30-45 days. The eggs can survive for 2 to 3 weeks on their own outside of the human body. In some cases, the larvae will hatch in the peri-anal area and travel back inside the anus, up the rectum, and back into the intestines where they mature.[2]
References
- ↑ Human Pinworm
- ↑ Rudolph's Pediatrics - 21st Ed. 2003; Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment - 45th Ed. 2006
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