Methemoglobinemia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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There are three main congenital conditions that lead to methemoglobinemia:
There are three main congenital conditions that lead to methemoglobinemia:


1. [[Cytochrome b5 reductase]] deficiency and [[pyruvate kinase]] deficiency
1. [[Cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency]] and [[pyruvate kinase deficiency]]


2. [[G6PD deficiency]]
2. [[G6PD deficiency]]
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'''Acquired or Acute Methemoglobinemia'''
'''Acquired or Acute Methemoglobinemia'''


Most common cause include different [[oxidant drugs]], toxins or chemicals
Most common cause include different [[oxidant drugs]], [[toxins]] or [[chemicals]]


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==

Revision as of 18:58, 14 May 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Template:Aksiniya K. Stevasarova, M.D.

Overview

Congenital (Hereditary) Methemoglobinemia

There are three main congenital conditions that lead to methemoglobinemia:

1. Cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency and pyruvate kinase deficiency

2. G6PD deficiency

3. Presence of abnormal hemoglobin (Hb M)


Acquired or Acute Methemoglobinemia

Most common cause include different oxidant drugs, toxins or chemicals

Epidemiology and Demographics

Epidemiology

In the United States congenital methemoglobinemia is rare. Deficiency of cytochrome b5 reductase endemic only in some Native American tribes like Navajo [1] and Athabaskan Alaskans, and the Yakutsk people in Siberia. [2]

The acquired methemoglobinemia is the most common form, and most cases are related to topical or local anesthetics use during medical procedures.

Demographics

Infants, particularly those younger than 4 months are most susceptible to methemoglobinemia. This is due to the fact that the NADH methemoglobin reductase activity and concentration (the main protective enzyme against oxidative stress) is not fully mature in infants. Both cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency and pyruvate kinase deficiency are autosomal recessive diseases and the Hb M has autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. On the other hand ([G6PD]] deficiency is X-linked, therefore the risk of acquired methemoglobinemia is greater in males. The highest prevalence of G6PD deficiency is observed in the malaria-endemic regions: Sub-Saharan Afria, West Asia and Arabian Peninsula, as well as in people of Mediterranean descent. As a result these populations are at higher risk for acquired methemoglobinemia. [3] [4] [5]


  1. {{J Pediatr. 1964 Dec;65:928-31. HEREDITARY METHEMOGLOBINEMIA DUE TO DIAPHORASE DEFICIENCY IN NAVAJO INDIANS. BALSAMO P, HARDY WR, SCOTT EM. pmid=14244100}}
  2. {{J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2017 Jan;39(1):42-45. Enzymopenic Congenital Methemoglobinemia in Children of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Burtseva TE1, Ammosova TN, Protopopova NN, Yakovleva SY, Slobodchikova MP. pmid=27879543 }}
  3. {{Malar J. 2013 Nov 15;12:418. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-418. Spatial distribution of G6PD deficiency variants across malaria-endemic regions. Howes RE1, Dewi M, Piel FB, Monteiro WM, Battle KE, Messina JP, Sakuntabhai A, Satyagraha AW, Williams TN, Baird JK, Hay SI. pmid=24228846 }}
  4. {{ Adv Parasitol. 2013;81:133-201. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407826-0.00004-7. G6PD deficiency: global distribution, genetic variants and primaquine therapy. Howes RE1, Battle KE, Satyagraha AW, Baird JK, Hay SI.pmid=23384623}}
  5. Template:Pmid=1917622


The page name should be "(Disease name) epidemiology and demographics", with only the first letter of the title capitalized. Goal: To provide the facts and figures surrounding the determinants and distribution of disease. The page can include a description of the characteristics of the population at-risk (gender, race, age, socio-economic status, dietary considerations, geographic location, environmental conditions) and any facts or figures surrounding the distribution of the disease burden in a population. As with all microchapter pages linking to the main page, at the top of the edit box put Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2], your name template, and the microchapter navigation template you created at the beginning. Remember to create links within Wikidoc by placing square brackets around key words which you want to link to other pages. Make sure you make your links as specific as possible. For example if a sentence contained the phrase anterior spinal artery syndrome, the link should be to anterior spinal artery syndrome not anterior or artery or syndrome. For more information on how to create links click here. Remember to follow the same format and capitalization of letters as outlined in the template below. You should include the name of the disease in the first sentence of every subsection. Overview The overview section should include the disease name in the first sentence. The goal is to summarize the page several sentences, and the section can be the same as the Epidemiology and demographics segment on the overview page. To see an example, click here. Template First Sentence: In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. OR The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually. OR [Cancer name] is the [number] most common cancer worldwide. Examples: Example 1: In 2013, the incidence of shigellosis was estimated to be 5 to 10 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Example 2: The prevalence of craniopharyngioma is estimated to be 338 cases annually. Example 3: Stomach cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide.


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In developing countries/ Africa, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of _____ per 100,000 persons. In developing countries/ Africa, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons. In ____ (insert year), the prevalence of _______ (insert disease name) was estimated to be _______ (insert number) cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Incidence Incidence is defined as the number of new cases per population in a given time period. The standard format to report the incidence is ___ per 100,000 individuals. When using numbers with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report a incidence as 10.1 instead of 10.09322. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy. 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The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually. IF the case-fatality rate is also known, you may use either of the following template statements:

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References

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