Appendicular abscess pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
An appendicular abscess is a complication of [[acute appendicitis]]. It is resulted due to the invasion of the [[appendix]] by [[bacteria]] following an [[obstruction]]. The appendix exists at the junction of the [[Small intestine|small]] and [[large intestine]] and is a natural habitat of wide variety of [[bacteria]]. It is, therefore, prone to develop complications when blocked and coupled with an [[infection]], [[acute appendicitis]] can be life threatening, [[gangrene]], [[appendicular]] [[Mass|masses]], [[rupture]] and [[Peritonitis|general peritoneal infections]] are some other complications that may develop when the medical attention is neglected in cases of [[appendicitis]].
An appendicular abscess is a complication of [[acute appendicitis]]. It is resulted due to the invasion of the [[appendix]] by [[bacteria]] following an [[obstruction]]. The appendix exists at the junction of the [[Small intestine|small]] and [[large intestine]] and is a natural habitat of wide variety of [[bacteria]]. It is, therefore, prone to develop complications when blocked. Coupled with an [[infection]], [[acute appendicitis]] can be life threatening. Other serious complications which may develop as a result of neglected [[appendicitis]] or appendicular abscess include [[gangrene]], [[appendicular]] [[Mass|masses]], [[rupture]], and [[Peritonitis|general peritoneal infections]].  


==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==
*[[Obstruction]] of the [[tubular]] space inside the [[Vermiform appendix|appendix]] is the main inciting event, this initial problem leads to the [[inflammation]] of the [[appendix]], [[obstruction]] of the [[blood vessels]] supplying it, and finally [[infection]]. <ref name="pmid626573">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bradley EL, Isaacs J |title=Appendiceal abscess revisited |journal=Arch Surg |volume=113 |issue=2 |pages=130–2 |year=1978 |pmid=626573 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Obstruction]] of the [[tubular]] space inside the [[Vermiform appendix|appendix]] is the main inciting event, this initial problem leads to the [[inflammation]] of the [[appendix]], [[obstruction]] of the [[blood vessels]] supplying it, and finally [[infection]].<ref name="pmid626573">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bradley EL, Isaacs J |title=Appendiceal abscess revisited |journal=Arch Surg |volume=113 |issue=2 |pages=130–2 |year=1978 |pmid=626573 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Once these blood vessels are obstructed, appendiceal tissue starts to die and leak out its [[cellular]] components.<ref> Wangensteen OH, Bowers WF. Significance of the obstructive factor in the genesis of acute appendicitis. Arch Surg 1937;34:496-526 </ref>
*Once these blood vessels are obstructed, appendiceal tissue starts to die and leak out its [[cellular]] components.<ref> Wangensteen OH, Bowers WF. Significance of the obstructive factor in the genesis of acute appendicitis. Arch Surg 1937;34:496-526 </ref>
*This leads to an increase in endoluminal and intramural pressure, which can result in an occlusion of the venules in the appendiceal wall resulting in [[thrombosis]] and [[occlusion]] and [[stasis]] of [[blood]] and [[lymphatic]] flow.
*This leads to an increase in endoluminal and intramural pressure, which can result in an occlusion of the venules in the appendiceal wall resulting in [[thrombosis]] and [[occlusion]] and [[stasis]] of [[blood]] and [[lymphatic]] flow.

Revision as of 12:35, 2 May 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

An appendicular abscess is a complication of acute appendicitis. It is resulted due to the invasion of the appendix by bacteria following an obstruction. The appendix exists at the junction of the small and large intestine and is a natural habitat of wide variety of bacteria. It is, therefore, prone to develop complications when blocked. Coupled with an infection, acute appendicitis can be life threatening. Other serious complications which may develop as a result of neglected appendicitis or appendicular abscess include gangrene, appendicular masses, rupture, and general peritoneal infections.

Pathophysiology

Transmission

Duration

  • The risk of perforation or abscess formation is negligible within the first 12 hours of untreated symptoms, but then increases to 8.0% within the first 24 h.[1]

Gross Pathology

Microscopic findings

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Bradley EL, Isaacs J (1978). "Appendiceal abscess revisited". Arch Surg. 113 (2): 130–2. PMID 626573.
  2. Wangensteen OH, Bowers WF. Significance of the obstructive factor in the genesis of acute appendicitis. Arch Surg 1937;34:496-526