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==Ultrasound==
==Ultrasound==
===Ultrasonography===
===Ultrasonography===
A standard diagnostic treatment is [[gynecologic ultrasonography]], which specifically look for ovarian cysts.
Typical  ultrasonography findings in patients with PCOS are as follows:
(Images courtesy of RadsWiki)
*Two- to 5-fold ovarian enlargement; ovarian volume >10 cm3
*Thickened stroma (tunica albuginea)
*Thecal hyperplasia with an increase in stromal content
*Multiple (12+) subcapsular follicles ranging from 2 to 9 mm in diameter in a state of arrested development ('pearl necklace' appearance); most are atretic and not necessarily cystic
*A discrete androgen-producing tumor in the ovary may be present in 5% or fewer patients
*The endometrium may be hyperplastic despite low estrogen production by the follicles; this is probably due to high estrone production from the increased circulating androgens and lack of opposition by progesterone
*Clomiphene may alter results due to ovarian stimulation, resulting in multiple ovarian cysts


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Revision as of 15:23, 3 August 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

Ultrasound

Ultrasonography

Typical ultrasonography findings in patients with PCOS are as follows:

  • Two- to 5-fold ovarian enlargement; ovarian volume >10 cm3
  • Thickened stroma (tunica albuginea)
  • Thecal hyperplasia with an increase in stromal content
  • Multiple (12+) subcapsular follicles ranging from 2 to 9 mm in diameter in a state of arrested development ('pearl necklace' appearance); most are atretic and not necessarily cystic
  • A discrete androgen-producing tumor in the ovary may be present in 5% or fewer patients
  • The endometrium may be hyperplastic despite low estrogen production by the follicles; this is probably due to high estrone production from the increased circulating androgens and lack of opposition by progesterone
  • Clomiphene may alter results due to ovarian stimulation, resulting in multiple ovarian cysts

Vaginal Ultrasound

A vaginal ultrasound also might be used to examine the ovaries for cysts and check out the endometrium, the lining of the uterus. The uterine lining may become thicker if your periods are not regular.

References

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