Endodermal sinus tumor: Difference between revisions
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=== Physical Examination === | === Physical Examination === | ||
* | ====Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor Physical Examination==== | ||
=====Abdomen===== | |||
* [[Abdominal distention]] <ref name= abc>{{cite book | last = Hoffman | first = Barbara | title = Williams gynecology | publisher = McGraw-Hill Medical | location = New York | year = 2012 | isbn = 9780071716727 }}</ref> | |||
* Abdominal [[tenderness]] | |||
=====Pelvic exam===== | |||
* Adnexal mass | |||
=== Laboratory Findings === | === Laboratory Findings === | ||
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease | *There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease |
Revision as of 18:05, 11 May 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [3]
Synonyms and keywords: EST
Overview
Historical Perspective
- [Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist name], a
[nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
- In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis
of [disease name].
- In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to
treat/diagnose [disease name].
Classification
- [Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method]
into [number] subtypes/groups:
- [group1]
- [group2]
- [group3]
- Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1],
[disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
Pathophysiology
- The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1],
[feature2], and [feature3].
- The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with
the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
- On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are
characteristic findings of [disease name].
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2],
and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Causes
- [Disease name] may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or
[cause3].
- [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or
[gene3] gene[s].
- There are no established causes for [disease name].
Differentiating From Endodermal sinus tumor Other Diseases
Endodermal sinus tumor must be differentiated from other diseases that cause ovarian mass, such as stein-Leventhal syndrome, ovary teratoma, tubal pregnancy, ovary adenocarcinoma, and tubo-ovarian abscess.[1][2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range]
per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be
[number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- [Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age
range] years old.
- [Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly
patients/young patients/children].
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than
[gender 2].
- The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to
1.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
- [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
- [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk
factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for
[duration/years].
- Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2],
and [manifestation 3].
- If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress
to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1],
[complication 2], and [complication 3].
- Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year
mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the
following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
- [criterion 1]
- [criterion 2]
- [criterion 3]
- [criterion 4]
Symptoms
The symptoms of endodermal sinus tumor include the following:[3]
- Abdominal distention
- Acute/sub acute abdominal pain
Physical Examination
Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor Physical Examination
Abdomen
- Abdominal distention [4]
- Abdominal tenderness
Pelvic exam
- Adnexal mass
Laboratory Findings
- There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease
name].
- A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
- An [elevated/reduced] concentration of
[serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
- Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease
name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
Imaging Findings
- There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
- [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease
name].
- On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1],
[finding 2], and [finding 3].
- [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and
[finding 3].
Other Diagnostic Studies
- [Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
- Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2],
and [finding 3].
Treatment
Medical Therapy
- There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is
supportive care.
- The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and
[medical therapy 2].
- [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
- Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical
finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
Surgery
- Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
- [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is
the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
- [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease
stage] [disease name].
Prevention
- There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease
name].
- Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name]
include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
- Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name]
are followedup every [duration]. Followup testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].
References
- ↑ Shaaban AM, Rezvani M, Elsayes KM, et al. Ovarian malignant germ cell tumors: cellular classification and clinical and imaging features. Radiographics. 2014;34(3):777-801.http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/pdf/10.1148/rg.343130067
- ↑ Jung SE, Lee JM, Rha SE, Byun JY, Jung JI, Hahn ST. CT and MR imaging of ovarian tumors with emphasis on differential diagnosis. Radiographics. 2002;22(6):1305-25.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12432104
- ↑ Hoffman, Barbara (2012). Williams gynecology. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 9780071716727.
- ↑ Hoffman, Barbara (2012). Williams gynecology. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 9780071716727.