Lymphangiosarcoma: Difference between revisions
Line 108: | Line 108: | ||
:*[symptom 6] | :*[symptom 6] | ||
=== Physical Examination === | === Physical Examination === | ||
*Physical examination may be remarkable for: | *Physical examination may be remarkable for: | ||
:* | :* Bruise mark | ||
:* | :* A purplish discolorization | ||
:* | :* Tender skin nodule in the extremity, typically on the anterior surface | ||
:* | :* Ulcer with crusting | ||
:* | :* Extensive necrosis involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue | ||
=== Laboratory Findings === | === Laboratory Findings === | ||
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease | *There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease |
Revision as of 17:46, 21 April 2016
WikiDoc Resources for Lymphangiosarcoma |
Articles |
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Most recent articles on Lymphangiosarcoma Most cited articles on Lymphangiosarcoma |
Media |
Powerpoint slides on Lymphangiosarcoma |
Evidence Based Medicine |
Cochrane Collaboration on Lymphangiosarcoma |
Clinical Trials |
Ongoing Trials on Lymphangiosarcoma at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Lymphangiosarcoma Clinical Trials on Lymphangiosarcoma at Google
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Lymphangiosarcoma NICE Guidance on Lymphangiosarcoma
|
Books |
News |
Commentary |
Definitions |
Patient Resources / Community |
Patient resources on Lymphangiosarcoma Discussion groups on Lymphangiosarcoma Patient Handouts on Lymphangiosarcoma Directions to Hospitals Treating Lymphangiosarcoma Risk calculators and risk factors for Lymphangiosarcoma
|
Healthcare Provider Resources |
Causes & Risk Factors for Lymphangiosarcoma |
Continuing Medical Education (CME) |
International |
|
Business |
Experimental / Informatics |
For patient information, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Synonym 1; Synonym 2; Synonym 3
Overview
Historical Perspective
- [Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist name], a
[nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
- In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis
of [disease name].
- In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to
treat/diagnose [disease name].
Classification
- [Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method]
into [number] subtypes/groups:
- [group1]
- [group2]
- [group3]
- Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1],
[disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
Pathophysiology
- Lymphangiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor which occurs in long-standing cases of Primary or Secondary Lymphedema. It involves either the upper or lower lymphedemateous extremities but is most common in upper extremities.
- When it occurs following mastectomy it is known as Stewart-Treves Syndrome.
- The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1],
[feature2], and [feature3].
- The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with
the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
- On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are
characteristic findings of [disease name].
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2],
and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Causes
- Lymphangiosarcoma may be caused by classical Halstedian radical mastectomy
- [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or
[gene3] gene[s].
- There are no established causes for [disease name].
Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases
- [Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause
[clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
- [Differential dx1]
- [Differential dx2]
- [Differential dx3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range]
per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be
[number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- [Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age
range] years old.
- [Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly
patients/young patients/children].
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than
[gender 2].
- The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to
1.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
- [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
- [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk
factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- The sarcoma first appears as a bruise mark, a purplish discolorization or a tender skin nodule in the extremity, typically on the anterior surface. It progresses to an ulcer with crusting, and finally to an extensive necrosis involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It metastasizes quickly.
- The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for
[duration/years].
- Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2],
and [manifestation 3].
- If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress
to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1],
[complication 2], and [complication 3].
- Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year
mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the
following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
- [criterion 1]
- [criterion 2]
- [criterion 3]
- [criterion 4]
Symptoms
- [Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
- Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:
- [symptom 1]
- [symptom 2]
- [symptom 3]
- [symptom 4]
- [symptom 5]
- [symptom 6]
Physical Examination
- Physical examination may be remarkable for:
- Bruise mark
- A purplish discolorization
- Tender skin nodule in the extremity, typically on the anterior surface
- Ulcer with crusting
- Extensive necrosis involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue
Laboratory Findings
- There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease
name].
- A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
- An [elevated/reduced] concentration of
[serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
- Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease
name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
Imaging Findings
- There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
- [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease
name].
- On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1],
[finding 2], and [finding 3].
- [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and
[finding 3].
Other Diagnostic Studies
- [Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
- Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2],
and [finding 3].
Treatment
Medical Therapy
- There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is
supportive care.
- The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and
[medical therapy 2].
- [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
- Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical
finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
Surgery
- Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
- [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is
the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
- [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease
stage] [disease name].
Prevention
- There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease
name].
- Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name]
include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
- Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name]
are followedup every [duration]. Followup testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].