Stye

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [2]; Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Hordeolum

Overview

A stye (also known as a hordeolum) is a painful infection of the sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelashes on, inside, or under the eyelid.. The infection may be internal or external. In many cases, a hordeolum may resolve without treatment; however, the inflammation may spread to other ocular glands or recur.

Causes

A stye is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus.. They can be triggered by stress, poor nutrition or lack of sleep.. A stye may be secondary to blepharitis.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of hordeola are:

• Dry eyes
• Chronic blepharitis

Epidemiology & Demographics

Styes are particularly common in infants, though they may occur at any age.

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

The first signs are tenderness, pain, and redness in the affected area. Later symptoms that arise include swelling, watering of the eye, sensitivity to light, and discomfort during blinking.

Physical examination

A yellowish bump may be seen in the affected area.

Gallery

Head

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  Hordeolum. With permission from Dermatology Atlas.

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  Hordeolum. With permission from Dermatology Atlas.

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Most cases of hordeolum resolve without treatment. Supportive therapy for hordeolum consists of warm compresses. Antimicrobial ophthalmic ointments may be administered.

• Hordeolum

• 1. External hordeolum, for a single lesion

• Supportive therapy: application of warm compresses 4-6 times/day.
• Note: Antibiotic therapy is questionable value for a single lesion and often not indicated.

• 2. External hordeolum, for multiple/recurrent lesions

• Preferred regimen (1): antistaphylococcal antibiotic therapy Bacitracin topical qd-tid
• Preferred regimen (2): Erythromycin topical ointment up to 6 times/day, along with lid hygiene.

• 3. Internal hordeolum

• Supportive therapy: warm compressess in conjugation with systemic antistaphylococcal antibiotics
• Note (1): If the lesion do not respond to this regimen, incision and drainage are indicated.
• Note (2): Chalazion is effectively treated with lid hygiene and warm compression in most circumstances.

References