Malaria physical examination: Difference between revisions

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=====Rate=====
=====Rate=====
*[[Tachycardia]] may be present
*[[Tachycardia]] may be present
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=====Rhythm=====
*The pulse is regular
*The pules is irregularly irregular
=====Strength=====
*The pulse may be weak
*The pulse may be bounding
*The pulse may be alternating in strength ([[pulsus alternans]])
*A [[paradoxical pulse]] may be present
=====Symmetry=====
*The pulses may be asymmetric
====Blood Pressure====
*[[Hypotension]] may be present
*[[Hypertension]] may be present
*A [[wide pulse pressure]] may be present
*A [[narrow pulse pressure]] may be present
====Respiratory Rate====
====Respiratory Rate====
*[[Tachypnea]] may be present
*[[Tachypnea]] may be present
*[[Bradypnea]] may be present
* [[Kussmaul respirations]] may be present
===Skin===
===Skin===
*[[Cyanosis]] may be present
*[[Cyanosis]] may be present (in severe cases of the disease, where there may be [[respiratory distress]])
*[[Jaundice]] may be present
*[[Jaundice]] may be present (in severe anemia)
* A rash may be present
*[[Pallor]] may be present (in severe anemia)
* [[Pallor]] may be present
* Lesions may be present
 
===Head===
* Abnormalities of the head/hair may include ___
* There may be evidence of trauma
 
===Eyes===
===Eyes===
*Icteric sclera may be present
*Icteric [[sclera]] may be present (in severe anemia with jaundice)
* [[Nystagmus]] may be present.
*[[Conjunctiva]]e may be pale
* Extra-ocular movements may be abnormal
*Pupils may not react to light
*Ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of ___
 
===Ears===
* Hearing acuity may be reduced
*[[Weber test]] may be positive
*[[Rinne test]] may be positive
* There may be [[exudate]] from the ear canal
* There may be [[tenderness]] on movement of the pinnae
 
===Nose===
===Nose===
* Nares may be inflamed
* Alar flare (in severe cases of the disease, where there may be [[respiratory distress]])
* There may be [[epistaxis]]
===Throat===
* There may be [[purulent]] exudate from the nares
* The [[throat]] may be erythematous
* There may be [[tenderness]] to percussion of the sinuses
* The nares may be congested


===Throat===
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* The throat may be erythematous
* There may be [[exudate]] in the throat
* There may be [[petechiae]] seen in the throat
* There may be tonsillar inflammation


Findings on physical examination may include pallor and hepatosplenomegaly. Rarely, acute Plas- modium infections present with splenic rupture requiring surgery or conservative management.375,376 Findings such as jaundice, diminished consciousness, or convulsions indicate severe malaria (see later). Rash, lymphadenopathy, and signs of pulmonary consolidation are distinctly uncommon.
===Neck===
===Neck===
*[[Jugular venous pressure]] may be elevated
*[[Jugular venous pressure]] may be elevated

Revision as of 18:23, 24 July 2014

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

Physical Examination

Appearance of the Patient

Vitals

Temperature

  • A fever is often present, according to the patterns described above

Pulse

Rate

Respiratory Rate

Skin

Eyes

Nose

Throat

  • The throat may be erythematous


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