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{{Anemia of prematurity}}
{{Anemia of prematurity}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Asra}}
==Overview==
[[Anemia of prematurity]] is a [[conditions|condition]] where [[red blood cell]] production is decreased due to reduced [[erythropoietin]] production. It is commonly seen in [[premature|preterm]] [[infant|infants]] admitted in the [[neonatal intensive care unit]].
==What are the symptoms of anemia of prematurity?==
[[Symptom|Symptoms]] of [[anemia of prematurity]] include one or more of the following:
*[[Pallor|Pale skin]]
*[[Lethargy]]
*Decreased activity
*Difficulty [[breathing]]
*Rapid [[heart rate]]
*Poor weight gain
*[[Feeding difficulties]]
==What causes anemia of prematurity?==
*[[Premature|Preterm]] birth
*[[Blood loss]] during phlebotomy for laboratory investigations
==Who is at highest risk?==
*[[Preterm|Premature]] [[infant|infants]]
*[[Extremely low birth weight]] [[infant|infants]]
==Diagnosis==
[[Blood tests]] show
*Low [[hemoglobin]] levels
*Low [[red blood cell]] count
*Low [[hematocrit]] levels
*Loe [[reticulocyte]] count
A [[peripheral blood smear]] shows [[normocytic]], [[normochromic]] [[red blood cells]] with predominant [[red blood cell]] precursors
==Treatment options==
*Mild [[disease]] needs close monitoring and supportive care
*[[Infants|Infants]] with moderate to severe [[anemia]] require [[blood transfusion]] or [[erythropoietin]] [[therapy]]
==Prevention==
*Limit [[blood loss]] during [[phlebotomy]]
*Improve [[placental transfusion]] by following two methods
**Delayed [[cord clamping]]
**[[Umbilical cord]] milking
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?==
With prompt [[diagnosis]] and early [[treatment]], [[symptom|symptoms]] resolve without any [[complication|complications]] in [[infant|infants]] with [[anemia of prematurity]]. If left untreated, [[anemia of prematurity]] leads to serious [[complication|complications]]
==Possible complications==
[[Complication|Complications]] include:
*[[Poor growth]]
*[[Apnea]]
*[[Cardiovascular]] instability
==Sources==
* The National Library of Medicine http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/.


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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 17:39, 9 August 2020

Anemia of prematurity Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Asra Firdous, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Anemia of prematurity is a condition where red blood cell production is decreased due to reduced erythropoietin production. It is commonly seen in preterm infants admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit.

What are the symptoms of anemia of prematurity?

Symptoms of anemia of prematurity include one or more of the following:

What causes anemia of prematurity?

Who is at highest risk?

Diagnosis

Blood tests show

A peripheral blood smear shows normocytic, normochromic red blood cells with predominant red blood cell precursors

Treatment options

Prevention

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

With prompt diagnosis and early treatment, symptoms resolve without any complications in infants with anemia of prematurity. If left untreated, anemia of prematurity leads to serious complications

Possible complications

Complications include:

Sources


References

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