Dysfunctional uterine bleeding historical perspective: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{CMG}}{{AE}}[[User:AroojNaz|Arooj Naz]] ,{{VVS}}
__NOTOC__
{{Dysfunctional uterine bleeding}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[User:AroojNaz|Arooj Naz, M.B.B.S]]


==Overview==
==Overview==
There are many differential diagnosis' for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, many of them resulting in abnormal presentation of bleeding. Some prevalent conditions include anatomical or structural defects, [[coagulation]] disorders, [[Pregnancy complications|pregnancy]] related complications, [[endometrial cancer]] and [[hyperplasia]], as well as [[Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome]].
Dysfunctional or [[abnormal uterine bleeding]] is a condition experienced by women of varying ages and from various geographical locations. Although there isn't much information available on dysfunctional uterine bleeding as it encompasses a multitude of possible underlying causes, there is some historical information available regarding some common causes. conditions that have significant historical information include [[Adenomyosis]], [[Leiomyoma]], [[Uterine cancer|uterine malignancy]], [[PCOS]], as well as [[endometriosis]].
==Differential Diagnosis==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Condition
!Common Underlying Causes
!Workup
|-
|Anatomic or structural lesions
|
*Uterine or [[cervical polyp]]s
*[[Uterine leiomyoma]]
*Foreign body
|Pelvic or transvaginal [[Ultrasonography]]
|-
|[[Coagulation]]<nowiki/>disorders
|
*Clotting factor disorder: [[Hemophilia]], hepatic disease, anticoagulant use, renal disease, [[Von Willebrand's Disease]]
*Platelet dysfunction: [[Leukemia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]], and related medications
|[[Coagulation]] studies; [[PT]], [[aPTT]], [[Bleeding time|Bleeding Time]], and [[Clotting factors|clotting factor studies]]
|-
|[[Pregnancy complications]]
|
*[[Placental abruption]]
*[[Ectopic Pregnancy]]
*[[Miscarriage]]
*[[Spontaneous abortions|Spontaneous abortion]]
*[[Placenta previa]]
|[[Human chorionic gonadotropin|B-hCG]] should be the first test to detect the presence of pregnancy. Visualization of the defect requires pelvic or transvaginal [[ultrasonography]]
|-
|[[Endometrial cancer]] <ref name="pmid30252237">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=30252237 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref>
|Risk factors include:
 
*[[Diabetes Mellitus]]
*Unopposed [[estrogen]]
*[[Obesity]]
*Older age
*Chronic [[anovulation]]
*[[Ddx:Hypertension|Hypertension]]
|Upon [[transvaginal ultrasonography]], endometrial cancer will present as a [[thicked endometrial strip]]. Confirmation requires an [[endometrial biopsy]].
|-
|[[Endometrial hyperplasia]]
|
*Exogenous extrogen
*Excess of endogenous estrogen
*DUB (dysfunctional uterine bleeding) is a diagnosis of exclusion
|Endometrial hyperplasia realted changes may be seen on [[ultrasonography]]. Obtaining a detailed history of medication use may be of assistance in coming to a diagnosis.
|-
|[[Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome]] ([[Stein Leventhal Syndrome]]) <ref name="pmid24379699">{{cite journal| author=Sirmans SM, Pate KA| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. | journal=Clin Epidemiol | year= 2013 | volume= 6 | issue=  | pages= 1-13 | pmid=24379699 | doi=10.2147/CLEP.S37559 | pmc=3872139 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24379699  }}</ref>
|Risk factors include:
 
*Type 1 diabetes
*Type 2 diabetes
*Obesity
*Hereditary facotors
|PCOS may initially be suspected upon physical examination, commonly presenting with [[hirsutism]] and [[weight gain]]. Confirmation requires [[FSH]]/[[LH]] level abnormalities as well as multiple [[ovarian cysts]] seen on [[ultrasonography]].
|}
===Other Causes===


*Endometrioma
==Historical perspective==
*Hyperprolactinemia
Dysfunctional or abnormal uterine bleeding is a condition experienced by women of varying ages and from various geographical locations. Although there isn't much information available on dysfunctional uterine bleeding as it encompasses a multitude of possible underlying causes, there is some historical information available regarding some common causes.
*Hypo- or [[Hyperthyroidism]]
*Hypothalamic lesion
*Medications (e.g., [[Norepinephrine]])
*Nonuterine bleeding
*:*Rectal
*:*Urinary
*:*Vaginal
*:*Cervical
*Other malignancy
*Pelvic infection
*[[Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome]] ([[Stein Leventhal Syndrome]])
*Systemic disease
*[[Anorexia Nervosa]]
*Immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis
*Intense exercise
*Nutritional status (Very low calorie diets)
*Peri-menopause
*Psychologic stress <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne.  Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref>


==References==
*[[Adenomyosis]], the presence of [[ectopic]] [[endometrial]] tissue (the inner lining of the uterus) within the [[myometrium]] , was first discovered by Carl von Rokitansky in 1860. He first described the condition as “[[cystosarcoma adenoids uterinum]]”.<ref name="pmid24771944">{{cite journal| author=Taran FA, Stewart EA, Brucker S| title=Adenomyosis: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Clinical Phenotype and Surgical and Interventional Alternatives to Hysterectomy. | journal=Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd | year= 2013 | volume= 73 | issue= 9 | pages= 924-931 | pmid=24771944 | doi=10.1055/s-0033-1350840 | pmc=3859152 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24771944  }} </ref>
{{reflist|2}}{{WH}} {{WS}}
*[[Leiomyoma]] are an accumulation of tumours, often of benign origin, that are made up primarily of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue. The first case of leiomyoma was described as “[[uterine]] stone” in 460-375 B.C. by Hippocrates. the term fibroid was later coined by Rokitansky and Klob in 1860 and 1863.The first laparotomy to treat leiomyoma was performed in 1809 by Ephraim McDowell.<ref name="BoziniBaracat2007">{{cite journal|last1=Bozini|first1=Nilo|last2=Baracat|first2=Edmund C|title=The history of myomectomy at the Medical School of University of São Paulo|journal=Clinics|volume=62|issue=3|year=2007|issn=1807-5932|doi=10.1590/S1807-59322007000300002}}</ref>
__NOTOC__
*[[Uterine cancer|Uterine malignancy]] was initially reported in the early 1900's. The first [[laparoscopic]] [[hysterectomy]] to resect [[malignant]] tissue was reported in 1992.<ref name="pmid1534780">{{cite journal| author=Childers JM, Surwit EA| title=Combined laparoscopic and vaginal surgery for the management of two cases of stage I endometrial cancer. | journal=Gynecol Oncol | year= 1992 | volume= 45 | issue= 1 | pages= 46-51 | pmid=1534780 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1534780  }} </ref>
{{Dysfunctional uterine bleeding}}
*Ovulatory causes, such as [[Polycystic ovary syndrome]], were first described in 1935 by American gynecologists Irving F. Stein, Sr. and Michael L. Leventhal.The earliest published description of [[PCOS]] was in 1721 in Italy.<ref name="pmid20979996">{{cite journal |vauthors=Azziz R, Dumesic DA, Goodarzi MO |title=Polycystic ovary syndrome: an ancient disorder? |journal=Fertil. Steril. |volume=95 |issue=5 |pages=1544–8 |year=2011 |pmid=20979996 |pmc=3164771 |doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.09.032 |url=}}</ref>
<br />
*[[Endometriosis]] was first described in the early 19th century, when Rokitansky described the presence of functional [[Endometrium|endometrial tissue]] outside of the [[uterine cavity]] in patients with [[Ovarian cancer|ovarian]] and [[Endometrial cancer|endometrial cancers]].<ref name="pmid24853333">{{cite journal| author=Benagiano G, Brosens I, Lippi D| title=The history of endometriosis. | journal=Gynecol Obstet Invest | year= 2014 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-9 | pmid=24853333 | doi=10.1159/000358919 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24853333  }} </ref> In the 1920's, [[endometriosis]] was differentiated from [[adenomyosis]] and Rokitansky described a case series of 23 cases with [[chocolate cyst of the ovary|the chocolate cyst of the ovary]].<ref name="pmid24853333">{{cite journal| author=Benagiano G, Brosens I, Lippi D| title=The history of endometriosis. | journal=Gynecol Obstet Invest | year= 2014 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-9 | pmid=24853333 | doi=10.1159/000358919 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24853333  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 23:57, 25 March 2022

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Dysfunctional uterine bleeding from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding historical perspective On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Dysfunctional uterine bleeding historical perspective

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Dysfunctional uterine bleeding historical perspective

CDC on Dysfunctional uterine bleeding historical perspective

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding historical perspective in the news

Blogs on Dysfunctional uterine bleeding historical perspective

Directions to Hospitals Treating Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Risk calculators and risk factors for Dysfunctional uterine bleeding historical perspective

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz, M.B.B.S

Overview

Dysfunctional or abnormal uterine bleeding is a condition experienced by women of varying ages and from various geographical locations. Although there isn't much information available on dysfunctional uterine bleeding as it encompasses a multitude of possible underlying causes, there is some historical information available regarding some common causes. conditions that have significant historical information include Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, uterine malignancy, PCOS, as well as endometriosis.

Historical perspective

Dysfunctional or abnormal uterine bleeding is a condition experienced by women of varying ages and from various geographical locations. Although there isn't much information available on dysfunctional uterine bleeding as it encompasses a multitude of possible underlying causes, there is some historical information available regarding some common causes.

References

  1. Taran FA, Stewart EA, Brucker S (2013). "Adenomyosis: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Clinical Phenotype and Surgical and Interventional Alternatives to Hysterectomy". Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 73 (9): 924–931. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1350840. PMC 3859152. PMID 24771944.
  2. Bozini, Nilo; Baracat, Edmund C (2007). "The history of myomectomy at the Medical School of University of São Paulo". Clinics. 62 (3). doi:10.1590/S1807-59322007000300002. ISSN 1807-5932.
  3. Childers JM, Surwit EA (1992). "Combined laparoscopic and vaginal surgery for the management of two cases of stage I endometrial cancer". Gynecol Oncol. 45 (1): 46–51. PMID 1534780.
  4. Azziz R, Dumesic DA, Goodarzi MO (2011). "Polycystic ovary syndrome: an ancient disorder?". Fertil. Steril. 95 (5): 1544–8. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.09.032. PMC 3164771. PMID 20979996.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Benagiano G, Brosens I, Lippi D (2014). "The history of endometriosis". Gynecol Obstet Invest. 78 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1159/000358919. PMID 24853333.

Template:WH Template:WS