Back pain epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
The [[prevalence]] of [[back]] [[pain]] in adult [[population]] is around ten to thirty percent in the US. Lifetime [[prevalence]] in US adult [[population]] is estimated to be 65-80 percent. [[Prevalence]] of [[back]] [[pain]] is higher in [[smokers]] as compared to [[non-smokers]]. Studies suggest that for as many as 85% of cases, no [[physiological]] cause for the [[pain]] has been identified. Race can be a factor in [[back]] problems. African American women, for example, are two to three times more likely than white women to develop [[spondylolisthesis]], a condition in which a vertebra of the lumbar [[spine]] slips out of place.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==


===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
*The [[prevalence]] in adult [[population]] is around ten-thirty percent in the US.<ref name="pmid30854609">{{cite journal| author=Urits I, Burshtein A, Sharma M, Testa L, Gold PA, Orhurhu V | display-authors=etal| title=Low Back Pain, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. | journal=Curr Pain Headache Rep | year= 2019 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 23 | pmid=30854609 | doi=10.1007/s11916-019-0757-1 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30854609  }} </ref>
*The [[prevalence]] in adult [[population]] is around ten to thirty percent in the US.<ref name="pmid30854609">{{cite journal| author=Urits I, Burshtein A, Sharma M, Testa L, Gold PA, Orhurhu V | display-authors=etal| title=Low Back Pain, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. | journal=Curr Pain Headache Rep | year= 2019 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 23 | pmid=30854609 | doi=10.1007/s11916-019-0757-1 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30854609  }} </ref>
*Lifetime [[prevalence]] in US adult [[population]] is estimated to be 65-80 percent.<ref name="pmid30854609">{{cite journal| author=Urits I, Burshtein A, Sharma M, Testa L, Gold PA, Orhurhu V | display-authors=etal| title=Low Back Pain, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. | journal=Curr Pain Headache Rep | year= 2019 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 23 | pmid=30854609 | doi=10.1007/s11916-019-0757-1 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30854609  }} </ref>
*Lifetime [[prevalence]] in US adult [[population]] is estimated to be 65-80 percent.<ref name="pmid30854609">{{cite journal| author=Urits I, Burshtein A, Sharma M, Testa L, Gold PA, Orhurhu V | display-authors=etal| title=Low Back Pain, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. | journal=Curr Pain Headache Rep | year= 2019 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 23 | pmid=30854609 | doi=10.1007/s11916-019-0757-1 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30854609  }} </ref>
*[[Prevalence]] of [[back]] [[pain]] is higher in [[smokers]] than [[non-smokers]].<ref name="pmid27790393">{{cite journal| author=Green BN, Johnson CD, Snodgrass J, Smith M, Dunn AS| title=Association Between Smoking and Back Pain in a Cross-Section of Adult Americans. | journal=Cureus | year= 2016 | volume= 8 | issue= 9 | pages= e806 | pmid=27790393 | doi=10.7759/cureus.806 | pmc=5081254 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27790393  }} </ref>
*[[Prevalence]] of [[back]] [[pain]] is higher in [[smokers]] as compared to [[non-smokers]].<ref name="pmid27790393">{{cite journal| author=Green BN, Johnson CD, Snodgrass J, Smith M, Dunn AS| title=Association Between Smoking and Back Pain in a Cross-Section of Adult Americans. | journal=Cureus | year= 2016 | volume= 8 | issue= 9 | pages= e806 | pmid=27790393 | doi=10.7759/cureus.806 | pmc=5081254 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27790393  }} </ref>
*A few [[observational]] studies suggest that two common [[diagnosis]] of [[back]] [[pain]], [[lumbar disc herniation]] or [[degenerative disc disease]] may not be more prevalent among those in [[pain]] than among the general [[population]] and that the mechanisms by which these conditions might cause [[pain]] are not known.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Borenstein DG, O'Mara JW, Boden SD, ''et al'' |title=The value of magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine to predict low-back pain in asymptomatic subjects : a seven-year follow-up study |journal=The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume |volume=83-A |issue=9 |pages=1306-11 |year=2001 |pmid=11568190 |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Savage RA, Whitehouse GH, Roberts N |title=The relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the lumbar spine and low back pain, age and occupation in males |journal=European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=106-14 |year=1997 |pmid=9209878 |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Jensen MC, Brant-Zawadzki MN, Obuchowski N, Modic MT, Malkasian D, Ross JS |title=Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=331 |issue=2 |pages=69-73 |year=1994 |pmid=8208267 |url = http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/2/69}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Kleinstück F, Dvorak J, Mannion AF |title=Are "structural abnormalities" on magnetic resonance imaging a contraindication to the successful conservative treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain? |journal=Spine |volume=31 |issue=19 |pages=2250-7 |year=2006 |pmid=16946663 |doi=10.1097/01.brs.0000232802.95773.89}}</ref>


===Incidence===
===Incidence===
 
*Studies suggest that for as many as 85% of cases, no [[physiological]] cause for the [[pain]] has been identified.<ref>{{cite journal |author=White AA, Gordon SL |title=Synopsis: workshop on idiopathic low-back pain |journal=Spine |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=141-9 |year=1982 |pmid=6211779 |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=van den Bosch MA, Hollingworth W, Kinmonth AL, Dixon AK |title=Evidence against the use of lumbar spine radiography for low back pain |journal=Clinical radiology |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=69-76 |year=2004 |pmid=14697378 |doi=}}</ref>
===Race===
===Race===
Race can be a factor in [[back]] problems. African American women, for example, are two to three times more likely than white women to develop [[spondylolisthesis]], a condition in which a vertebra of the lower spine— also called the lumbar spine— slips out of place.<ref name="pmid14589183">{{cite journal| author=Vogt MT, Rubin DA, Palermo L, Christianson L, Kang JD, Nevitt MC | display-authors=etal| title=Lumbar spine listhesis in older African American women. | journal=Spine J | year= 2003 | volume= 3 | issue= 4 | pages= 255-61 | pmid=14589183 | doi=10.1016/s1529-9430(03)00024-x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14589183  }} </ref>
*Race can be a factor in [[back]] problems. African American women, for example, are two to three times more likely than white women to develop [[spondylolisthesis]], a condition in which a vertebra of the lumbar [[spine]] slips out of place.<ref name="pmid14589183">{{cite journal| author=Vogt MT, Rubin DA, Palermo L, Christianson L, Kang JD, Nevitt MC | display-authors=etal| title=Lumbar spine listhesis in older African American women. | journal=Spine J | year= 2003 | volume= 3 | issue= 4 | pages= 255-61 | pmid=14589183 | doi=10.1016/s1529-9430(03)00024-x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14589183  }} </ref>


===Gender===
===Gender===
*[[Back]] [[pain]] [[prevalence]] have been observed to be higher in [[females]] than [[males]].<ref name="WángWáng2016">{{cite journal|last1=Wáng|first1=Yì Xiáng J.|last2=Wáng|first2=Jùn-Qīng|last3=Káplár|first3=Zoltán|title=Increased low back pain prevalence in females than in males after menopause age: evidences based on synthetic literature review|journal=Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery|volume=6|issue=2|year=2016|pages=199–206|issn=22234292|doi=10.21037/qims.2016.04.06}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 03:45, 8 June 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

The prevalence of back pain in adult population is around ten to thirty percent in the US. Lifetime prevalence in US adult population is estimated to be 65-80 percent. Prevalence of back pain is higher in smokers as compared to non-smokers. Studies suggest that for as many as 85% of cases, no physiological cause for the pain has been identified. Race can be a factor in back problems. African American women, for example, are two to three times more likely than white women to develop spondylolisthesis, a condition in which a vertebra of the lumbar spine slips out of place.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

Incidence

Race

  • Race can be a factor in back problems. African American women, for example, are two to three times more likely than white women to develop spondylolisthesis, a condition in which a vertebra of the lumbar spine slips out of place.[9]

Gender

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Urits I, Burshtein A, Sharma M, Testa L, Gold PA, Orhurhu V; et al. (2019). "Low Back Pain, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment". Curr Pain Headache Rep. 23 (3): 23. doi:10.1007/s11916-019-0757-1. PMID 30854609.
  2. Green BN, Johnson CD, Snodgrass J, Smith M, Dunn AS (2016). "Association Between Smoking and Back Pain in a Cross-Section of Adult Americans". Cureus. 8 (9): e806. doi:10.7759/cureus.806. PMC 5081254. PMID 27790393.
  3. Borenstein DG, O'Mara JW, Boden SD; et al. (2001). "The value of magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine to predict low-back pain in asymptomatic subjects : a seven-year follow-up study". The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume. 83-A (9): 1306–11. PMID 11568190.
  4. Savage RA, Whitehouse GH, Roberts N (1997). "The relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the lumbar spine and low back pain, age and occupation in males". European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 6 (2): 106–14. PMID 9209878.
  5. Jensen MC, Brant-Zawadzki MN, Obuchowski N, Modic MT, Malkasian D, Ross JS (1994). "Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain". N. Engl. J. Med. 331 (2): 69–73. PMID 8208267.
  6. Kleinstück F, Dvorak J, Mannion AF (2006). "Are "structural abnormalities" on magnetic resonance imaging a contraindication to the successful conservative treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain?". Spine. 31 (19): 2250–7. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000232802.95773.89. PMID 16946663.
  7. White AA, Gordon SL (1982). "Synopsis: workshop on idiopathic low-back pain". Spine. 7 (2): 141–9. PMID 6211779.
  8. van den Bosch MA, Hollingworth W, Kinmonth AL, Dixon AK (2004). "Evidence against the use of lumbar spine radiography for low back pain". Clinical radiology. 59 (1): 69–76. PMID 14697378.
  9. Vogt MT, Rubin DA, Palermo L, Christianson L, Kang JD, Nevitt MC; et al. (2003). "Lumbar spine listhesis in older African American women". Spine J. 3 (4): 255–61. doi:10.1016/s1529-9430(03)00024-x. PMID 14589183.
  10. Wáng, Yì Xiáng J.; Wáng, Jùn-Qīng; Káplár, Zoltán (2016). "Increased low back pain prevalence in females than in males after menopause age: evidences based on synthetic literature review". Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. 6 (2): 199–206. doi:10.21037/qims.2016.04.06. ISSN 2223-4292.

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