Fat embolism syndrome history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
A detailed history and early detection of symptoms is vital for the diagnosis of fat embolism (FES). It is entirely a clinical diagnosis. Patients with fat embolism may have a positive history of long bone [[Bone fracture|fracture]], [[Orthopedic surgery|orthopedic]] procedure, [[plastic]] surgical procedure or parenteral [[lipid]] transfusion. The symptoms may take 24-48 hours to become apparent and can be categorized as pulmonary, neurological and cutaneous symptoms. | |||
==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
===History=== | ===History=== | ||
Patients with fat embolism may have a positive history of: | Patients with fat embolism may have a positive history of:<ref name="pmid8771112">{{cite journal| author=Johnson MJ, Lucas GL| title=Fat embolism syndrome. | journal=Orthopedics | year= 1996 | volume= 19 | issue= 1 | pages= 41-8; discussion 48-9 | pmid=8771112 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8771112 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11167474">{{cite journal| author=Mellor A, Soni N| title=Fat embolism. | journal=Anaesthesia | year= 2001 | volume= 56 | issue= 2 | pages= 145-54 | pmid=11167474 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11167474 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10949632">{{cite journal| author=van den Brand JG, van der Hoeven JH, Olsman JG| title=[Dyspnea or confusion after trauma? Consider fat embolism syndrome]. | journal=Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd | year= 2000 | volume= 144 | issue= 32 | pages= 1513-7 | pmid=10949632 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10949632 }} </ref><ref name="pmid4547466">{{cite journal| author=Gurd AR, Wilson RI| title=The fat embolism syndrome. | journal=J Bone Joint Surg Br | year= 1974 | volume= 56B | issue= 3 | pages= 408-16 | pmid=4547466 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4547466 }} </ref><ref name="pmid4998402">{{cite journal| author=Peltier LF| title=The diagnosis and treatment of fat embolism. | journal=J Trauma | year= 1971 | volume= 11 | issue= 8 | pages= 661-7 | pmid=4998402 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4998402 }} </ref> | ||
*Long bone fracture | *Long bone [[Bone fracture|fracture]] | ||
*Orthopedic | *[[Orthopedic surgery|Orthopedic]] procedure | ||
*Plastic surgical procedure | *[[Plastic]] surgical procedure | ||
* Parenteral lipid transfusion. | * Parenteral [[lipid]] transfusion. | ||
===Symptoms=== | ===Symptoms=== | ||
It usually takes | It usually takes 24-48 hours after the injury for the physical symptoms to become apparent. The symptoms of fat embolism syndrome can be divided into four categories:<ref name="pmid9108767">{{cite journal| author=Bulger EM, Smith DG, Maier RV, Jurkovich GJ| title=Fat embolism syndrome. A 10-year review. | journal=Arch Surg | year= 1997 | volume= 132 | issue= 4 | pages= 435-9 | pmid=9108767 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9108767 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3703294">{{cite journal| author=Jacobson DM, Terrence CF, Reinmuth OM| title=The neurologic manifestations of fat embolism. | journal=Neurology | year= 1986 | volume= 36 | issue= 6 | pages= 847-51 | pmid=3703294 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3703294 }} </ref><ref name="pmid5030787">{{cite journal| author=Thomas JE, Ayyar DR| title=Systemic fat embolism. A diagnostic profile in 24 patients. | journal=Arch Neurol | year= 1972 | volume= 26 | issue= 6 | pages= 517-23 | pmid=5030787 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5030787 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Lung|Pulmonary]] symptoms | *[[Lung|Pulmonary]] symptoms | ||
*[[Neurology|Neurological]] symptoms | *[[Neurology|Neurological]] symptoms<ref name="pmid8015021">{{cite journal| author=Scopa M, Magatti M, Rossitto P| title=Neurologic symptoms in fat embolism syndrome: case report. | journal=J Trauma | year= 1994 | volume= 36 | issue= 6 | pages= 906-8 | pmid=8015021 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8015021 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9793509">{{cite journal| author=Bardana D, Rudan J, Cervenko F, Smith R| title=Fat embolism syndrome in a patient demonstrating only neurologic symptoms. | journal=Can J Surg | year= 1998 | volume= 41 | issue= 5 | pages= 398-402 | pmid=9793509 | doi= | pmc=3949781 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9793509 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Skin|Cutaneous]] symptoms | *[[Skin|Cutaneous]] symptoms | ||
*General symptoms | *General symptoms | ||
Line 29: | Line 30: | ||
* [[seizures]] | * [[seizures]] | ||
* [[Stupor]] | * [[Stupor]] | ||
* [[Coma]] | * [[Apraxia]] | ||
* [[Hemiplegia]] | |||
* [[Coma]] | |||
'''Cutaneous symptoms:''' | '''Cutaneous symptoms:''' | ||
* [[Petechial rash]] | * [[Petechial rash]] |
Latest revision as of 02:39, 7 March 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]
Overview
A detailed history and early detection of symptoms is vital for the diagnosis of fat embolism (FES). It is entirely a clinical diagnosis. Patients with fat embolism may have a positive history of long bone fracture, orthopedic procedure, plastic surgical procedure or parenteral lipid transfusion. The symptoms may take 24-48 hours to become apparent and can be categorized as pulmonary, neurological and cutaneous symptoms.
History and Symptoms
History
Patients with fat embolism may have a positive history of:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Long bone fracture
- Orthopedic procedure
- Plastic surgical procedure
- Parenteral lipid transfusion.
Symptoms
It usually takes 24-48 hours after the injury for the physical symptoms to become apparent. The symptoms of fat embolism syndrome can be divided into four categories:[6][7][8]
- Pulmonary symptoms
- Neurological symptoms[9][10]
- Cutaneous symptoms
- General symptoms
Pulmonary symptoms:
Neurological symptoms:
Cutaneous symptoms:
General symptoms:
References
- ↑ Johnson MJ, Lucas GL (1996). "Fat embolism syndrome". Orthopedics. 19 (1): 41–8, discussion 48-9. PMID 8771112.
- ↑ Mellor A, Soni N (2001). "Fat embolism". Anaesthesia. 56 (2): 145–54. PMID 11167474.
- ↑ van den Brand JG, van der Hoeven JH, Olsman JG (2000). "[Dyspnea or confusion after trauma? Consider fat embolism syndrome]". Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 144 (32): 1513–7. PMID 10949632.
- ↑ Gurd AR, Wilson RI (1974). "The fat embolism syndrome". J Bone Joint Surg Br. 56B (3): 408–16. PMID 4547466.
- ↑ Peltier LF (1971). "The diagnosis and treatment of fat embolism". J Trauma. 11 (8): 661–7. PMID 4998402.
- ↑ Bulger EM, Smith DG, Maier RV, Jurkovich GJ (1997). "Fat embolism syndrome. A 10-year review". Arch Surg. 132 (4): 435–9. PMID 9108767.
- ↑ Jacobson DM, Terrence CF, Reinmuth OM (1986). "The neurologic manifestations of fat embolism". Neurology. 36 (6): 847–51. PMID 3703294.
- ↑ Thomas JE, Ayyar DR (1972). "Systemic fat embolism. A diagnostic profile in 24 patients". Arch Neurol. 26 (6): 517–23. PMID 5030787.
- ↑ Scopa M, Magatti M, Rossitto P (1994). "Neurologic symptoms in fat embolism syndrome: case report". J Trauma. 36 (6): 906–8. PMID 8015021.
- ↑ Bardana D, Rudan J, Cervenko F, Smith R (1998). "Fat embolism syndrome in a patient demonstrating only neurologic symptoms". Can J Surg. 41 (5): 398–402. PMC 3949781. PMID 9793509.