Glomus tumor other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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{{Glomus tumor}}
{{Glomus tumor}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}} {{STM}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}} {{STM}} {{RAK}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
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==Other Diagnostic Studies==
==Other Diagnostic Studies==
*Other diagnostic studies for glomus tumor include [[immunohistochemistry]] staining, which demonstrates the following:<ref name="pmid1848411">{{cite journal| author=Kaye VM, Dehner LP| title=Cutaneous glomus tumor. A comparative immunohistochemical study with pseudoangiomatous intradermal melanocytic nevi. | journal=Am J Dermatopathol | year= 1991 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 2-6 | pmid=1848411 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1848411  }} </ref>
*Other diagnostic studies for glomus tumor include [[immunohistochemistry]] staining, which demonstrates the following:<ref name="pmid1848411">{{cite journal| author=Kaye VM, Dehner LP| title=Cutaneous glomus tumor. A comparative immunohistochemical study with pseudoangiomatous intradermal melanocytic nevi. | journal=Am J Dermatopathol | year= 1991 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 2-6 | pmid=1848411 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1848411 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25614464">{{cite journal| author=Mravic M, LaChaud G, Nguyen A, Scott MA, Dry SM, James AW| title=Clinical and histopathological diagnosis of glomus tumor: an institutional experience of 138 cases. | journal=Int J Surg Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 181-8 | pmid=25614464 | doi=10.1177/1066896914567330 | pmc=4498398 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25614464 }}</ref>
**Glomus cells stain positive for:  
**Glomus cells stain positive for:  
***[[Vimentin]]
***Alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)
***Alpha-smooth muscle actin (~100%)
****~100%
***MSA
****95%
***[[Vimentin]]
**Glomus cells stain negative for:
**Glomus cells stain negative for:
***[[Desmin]]
***[[Desmin]]
***CD34 (rarely positive)
***CD31
***Cytokeratins
***S100
***S100
* Other diagnostic studies for glomus tumors include clinical tests, such as:
** '''Love test'''<ref name="pmid15215032">{{cite journal| author=Pater TJ, Marks RM| title=Glomus tumor of the hallux: case presentation and review of the literature. | journal=Foot Ankle Int | year= 2004 | volume= 25 | issue= 6 | pages= 434-7 | pmid=15215032 | doi=10.1177/107110070402500614 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15215032  }}</ref><ref name="pmid7985967">{{cite journal| author=Rohrich RJ, Hochstein LM, Millwee RH| title=Subungual glomus tumors: an algorithmic approach. | journal=Ann Plast Surg | year= 1994 | volume= 33 | issue= 3 | pages= 300-4 | pmid=7985967 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7985967  }} </ref>
*** Orientative
*** Probing with a needle or pointed instrument triggers pain in the affected area but not the area immediately adjacent to it
*** Sensitivity= 100%
*** Specificity= 0%
** '''Hildreth sign'''<ref name="pmid15215032">{{cite journal| author=Pater TJ, Marks RM| title=Glomus tumor of the hallux: case presentation and review of the literature. | journal=Foot Ankle Int | year= 2004 | volume= 25 | issue= 6 | pages= 434-7 | pmid=15215032 | doi=10.1177/107110070402500614 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15215032  }}</ref> 
*** Occurence of pain following induction of ischemia by application of a tourniquet to the glomus tumor mimicking median nail dystrophy (the longitudinal splitting in the midline of the nail)
*** Highlights the vascular nature of the lesion
*** Sensitivity= 77.4% - 92%
*** Specificity= 91% - 100%
** '''Cold-sensitivity test'''<ref name="pmid16877938">{{cite journal| author=Kale SS, Rao VK, Bentz ML| title=Glomus tumor of the index finger. | journal=J Craniofac Surg | year= 2006 | volume= 17 | issue= 4 | pages= 801-4 | pmid=16877938 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16877938  }} </ref>
*** Application of cold water or ethanol to the affected area reproducing the symptoms
*** Sensitivity= 100%
*** Specificity= 100%
** '''Transillumination test'''<ref name="pmid16877938">{{cite journal| author=Kale SS, Rao VK, Bentz ML| title=Glomus tumor of the index finger. | journal=J Craniofac Surg | year= 2006 | volume= 17 | issue= 4 | pages= 801-4 | pmid=16877938 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16877938  }} </ref><ref name="“pmid9149994”">{{cite journal| author=Ekin A, Ozkan M, Kabaklioglu T| title=Subungual glomus tumours: a different approach to diagnosis and treatment. | journal=J Hand Surg Br | year= 1997 | volume= 22 | issue= 2 | pages= 228-9 | pmid=9149994 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9149994  }}</ref>
*** Performed in a darkened room by passing light through the finger pad
*** An opaque red image is observed in the region of the tumor that allows estimation of its size
*** Sensitivity= 23% - 38%
*** Specificity= 90%


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Orthopedics]]

Latest revision as of 23:11, 15 May 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2] Roukoz A. Karam, M.D.[3]

Overview

Other diagnostic studies for glomus tumor include immunohistochemistry staining, which demonstrates glomus cells positive for vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin and negative for desmin.[1]

Other Diagnostic Studies

  • Other diagnostic studies for glomus tumor include immunohistochemistry staining, which demonstrates the following:[1][2]
    • Glomus cells stain positive for:
      • Alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)
        • ~100%
      • MSA
        • 95%
      • Vimentin
    • Glomus cells stain negative for:
  • Other diagnostic studies for glomus tumors include clinical tests, such as:
    • Love test[3][4]
      • Orientative
      • Probing with a needle or pointed instrument triggers pain in the affected area but not the area immediately adjacent to it
      • Sensitivity= 100%
      • Specificity= 0%
    • Hildreth sign[3]
      • Occurence of pain following induction of ischemia by application of a tourniquet to the glomus tumor mimicking median nail dystrophy (the longitudinal splitting in the midline of the nail)
      • Highlights the vascular nature of the lesion
      • Sensitivity= 77.4% - 92%
      • Specificity= 91% - 100%
    • Cold-sensitivity test[5]
      • Application of cold water or ethanol to the affected area reproducing the symptoms
      • Sensitivity= 100%
      • Specificity= 100%
    • Transillumination test[5][6]
      • Performed in a darkened room by passing light through the finger pad
      • An opaque red image is observed in the region of the tumor that allows estimation of its size
      • Sensitivity= 23% - 38%
      • Specificity= 90%

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kaye VM, Dehner LP (1991). "Cutaneous glomus tumor. A comparative immunohistochemical study with pseudoangiomatous intradermal melanocytic nevi". Am J Dermatopathol. 13 (1): 2–6. PMID 1848411.
  2. Mravic M, LaChaud G, Nguyen A, Scott MA, Dry SM, James AW (2015). "Clinical and histopathological diagnosis of glomus tumor: an institutional experience of 138 cases". Int J Surg Pathol. 23 (3): 181–8. doi:10.1177/1066896914567330. PMC 4498398. PMID 25614464.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Pater TJ, Marks RM (2004). "Glomus tumor of the hallux: case presentation and review of the literature". Foot Ankle Int. 25 (6): 434–7. doi:10.1177/107110070402500614. PMID 15215032.
  4. Rohrich RJ, Hochstein LM, Millwee RH (1994). "Subungual glomus tumors: an algorithmic approach". Ann Plast Surg. 33 (3): 300–4. PMID 7985967.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Kale SS, Rao VK, Bentz ML (2006). "Glomus tumor of the index finger". J Craniofac Surg. 17 (4): 801–4. PMID 16877938.
  6. Ekin A, Ozkan M, Kabaklioglu T (1997). "Subungual glomus tumours: a different approach to diagnosis and treatment". J Hand Surg Br. 22 (2): 228–9. PMID 9149994.