Acute stress disorder risk factors: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 18:55, 16 February 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of acute stress disorder are temperamental, environment, and genetic and physiological.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Risk Factors

Risk factors for acute stress disorder include the following:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]


Risk factors	Description

Temperamental	Prior mental disorder High levels of negative affectivity (neuroticism) Greater perceived severity of the traumatic event An avoidant coping style Catastrophic appraisals of the traumatic experience, often characterized by exaggerated assessment of future harm, guilt, or hopelessness, are strongly predictive of acute stress disorder
Environment	History of prior trauma Absent social support
Genetic and physiological	Females are at greater risk for developing acute stress disorder Elevated reactivity, as reflected by acoustic startle response, prior to trauma exposure increases the risk for developing acute stress disorder

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Harvey AG, Bryant RA (1999). "Predictors of acute stress following motor vehicle accidents". J Trauma Stress. 12 (3): 519–25. doi:10.1023/A:1024723205259. PMID 10467559.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Harvey AG, Bryant RA (1998). "Predictors of acute stress following mild traumatic brain injury". Brain Inj. 12 (2): 147–54. PMID 9492962.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Barton KA, Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ (1996). "Antecedents and consequences of acute stress disorder among motor vehicle accident victims". Behav Res Ther. 34 (10): 805–13. PMID 8952123.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Guthrie RM, Bryant RA (2005). "Auditory startle response in firefighters before and after trauma exposure". Am J Psychiatry. 162 (2): 283–90. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.283. PMID 15677592.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Blatchley FR, Donovan BT (1976). "Progesterone secretion during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the ferret". J Reprod Fertil. 46 (2): 455–6. PMID 1255579.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid10467559-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Harvey AG, Bryant RA (1999). "Predictors of acute stress following motor vehicle accidents". J Trauma Stress. 12 (3): 519–25. doi:10.1023/A:1024723205259. PMID 10467559.

[pmid9492962-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Harvey AG, Bryant RA (1998). "Predictors of acute stress following mild traumatic brain injury". Brain Inj. 12 (2): 147–54. PMID 9492962.

[pmid8952123-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Barton KA, Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ (1996). "Antecedents and consequences of acute stress disorder among motor vehicle accident victims". Behav Res Ther. 34 (10): 805–13. PMID 8952123.

[pmid15677592-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Guthrie RM, Bryant RA (2005). "Auditory startle response in firefighters before and after trauma exposure". Am J Psychiatry. 162 (2): 283–90. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.283. PMID 15677592.

[pmid1255579-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Blatchley FR, Donovan BT (1976). "Progesterone secretion during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the ferret". J Reprod Fertil. 46 (2): 455–6. PMID 1255579.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Simrat}}
 ==Overview==
-Common risk factors in the development of acute stress disorder are preexisting psychiatric problems, loss of a loved one in the event, significant injury from the event, dissociation at the time of the traumatic event, development of serious depressive symptoms with 1 week that last for 1 month or longer, numbness, a sense of relieving the trauma, depersonalization, and motor restlessness after the event, witnessing of frightful images, previous trauma, extended exposure to danger, loss of home or community, toxic exposure, and absent social supports.
+Common risk factors in the development of acute stress disorder are temperamental, environment, and [[genetic]] and [[physiological]].<ref name="pmid10467559">{{cite journal| author=Harvey AG, Bryant RA| title=Predictors of acute stress following motor vehicle accidents. | journal=J Trauma Stress | year= 1999 | volume= 12 | issue= 3 | pages= 519-25 | pmid=10467559 | doi=10.1023/A:1024723205259 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10467559  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9492962">{{cite journal| author=Harvey AG, Bryant RA| title=Predictors of acute stress following mild traumatic brain injury. | journal=Brain Inj | year= 1998 | volume= 12 | issue= 2 | pages= 147-54 | pmid=9492962 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9492962  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8952123">{{cite journal| author=Barton KA, Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ| title=Antecedents and consequences of acute stress disorder among motor vehicle accident victims. | journal=Behav Res Ther | year= 1996 | volume= 34 | issue= 10 | pages= 805-13 | pmid=8952123 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8952123  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15677592">{{cite journal| author=Guthrie RM, Bryant RA| title=Auditory startle response in firefighters before and after trauma exposure. | journal=Am J Psychiatry | year= 2005 | volume= 162 | issue= 2 | pages= 283-90 | pmid=15677592 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.283 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15677592  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1255579">{{cite journal| author=Blatchley FR, Donovan BT| title=Progesterone secretion during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the ferret. | journal=J Reprod Fertil | year= 1976 | volume= 46 | issue= 2 | pages= 455-6 | pmid=1255579 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1255579  }} </ref>
 ==Risk Factors==
-Factors increasing the risk of acute stress disorder include the following:
+Risk factors for acute stress disorder include the following:<ref name="pmid10467559">{{cite journal| author=Harvey AG, Bryant RA| title=Predictors of acute stress following motor vehicle accidents. | journal=J Trauma Stress | year= 1999 | volume= 12 | issue= 3 | pages= 519-25 | pmid=10467559 | doi=10.1023/A:1024723205259 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10467559  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9492962">{{cite journal| author=Harvey AG, Bryant RA| title=Predictors of acute stress following mild traumatic brain injury. | journal=Brain Inj | year= 1998 | volume= 12 | issue= 2 | pages= 147-54 | pmid=9492962 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9492962  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8952123">{{cite journal| author=Barton KA, Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ| title=Antecedents and consequences of acute stress disorder among motor vehicle accident victims. | journal=Behav Res Ther | year= 1996 | volume= 34 | issue= 10 | pages= 805-13 | pmid=8952123 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8952123  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15677592">{{cite journal| author=Guthrie RM, Bryant RA| title=Auditory startle response in firefighters before and after trauma exposure. | journal=Am J Psychiatry | year= 2005 | volume= 162 | issue= 2 | pages= 283-90 | pmid=15677592 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.283 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15677592  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1255579">{{cite journal| author=Blatchley FR, Donovan BT| title=Progesterone secretion during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the ferret. | journal=J Reprod Fertil | year= 1976 | volume= 46 | issue= 2 | pages= 455-6 | pmid=1255579 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1255579  }} </ref>
-*Preexisting psychiatric problems
-*Loss of a loved one in the event
-*Significant injury from the event
-*Dissociation at the time of the traumatic event
-*Development of serious depressive symptoms within 1 week that last for 1 month or longer
-*Numbness, a sense of reliving the trauma, depersonalization, and motor restlessness after the event
-*Witnessing of frightful images
-*Previous trauma
-*Extended exposure to danger
-*Loss of home or community
-*Toxic exposure
-*Absent social supports
-Risk and Prognostic Factors
-Temperamental
-Risk factors include prior mental disorder, high levels of negative affectivity (neuroticism), greater perceived severity of the traumatic event, and an avoidant coping style(Barton et al. 1996; Harvey and Bryant 1998b; Harvey and Bryant 1999b). Catastrophic appraisals of the traumatic experience, often characterized by exaggerated appraisals of future harm, guilt, or hopelessness, are strongly predictive of acute stress disorder(Smith and Bryant 2000; Warda and Bryant 1998).
-Environmental
-First and foremost, an individual must be exposed to a traumatic event to be at risk for acute stress disorder. Risk factors for the disorder include a history of prior trauma(Barton et al. 1996; Harvey and Bryant 1998b; Harvey and Bryant 1999b).
-Genetic and physiological
-Females are at greater risk for developing acute stress disorder(Barton et al. 1996; Harvey and Bryant 1998b; Harvey and Bryant 1999b).
-Elevated reactivity, as reflected by acoustic startle response, prior to trauma exposure increases the risk for developing acute stress disorder(Guthrie and Bryant 2005).
-It is probable that most risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) also apply to ASD [7]. Consistent with this presumption is evidence that ASD is associated with the following characteristics [8-10]:
-●History of a pre-trauma psychiatric disorder
-●History of traumatic exposures prior to recent exposure
-●Female gender
-●Trauma severity
-●Neuroticism
-●Avoidant coping
 {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
 |valign=top|
@@ Line 50: / Line 15: @@
 :Temperamental
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-*Rule out other causes of paranoid features
+*Prior mental disorder
-|-
+*High levels of negative affectivity (neuroticism)
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
+*Greater perceived severity of the traumatic event
-:2
+*An avoidant coping style
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*Catastrophic appraisals of the traumatic experience, often characterized by exaggerated assessment of future harm, guilt, or hopelessness, are strongly predictive of acute stress disorder
-*Confirm the absence of other psychopathology
 |-
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
-:3
+:Environment
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-*Assess consequence of delusion related behavior
+*History of prior trauma
-**Demoralization
+*Absent social support
-**Despondency
-**Anger, fear
-**Depression
-**Impact of search of "medical diagnosis,""legal solution," "proof of infidelity,"etc.(financial, legal, personal, occupational, etc.)
 |-
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
-:4
+:[[Genetic]] and [[physiological]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-*Assess anxiety and agitation
+*Females are at greater risk for developing acute stress disorder
-|-
+*Elevated reactivity, as reflected by acoustic startle response, prior to trauma exposure increases the risk for developing acute stress disorder
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
-:5
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-*Assess potential for violence, suicide
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
-:6
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-*Assess need for hospitalization
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
-:7
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-*Institute pharmacological and psychological therapies
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
-:8
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-*Maintain connection through recovery
 |-
 |}
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}
+[[Category:Abnormal psychology]]
+[[Category:Psychological stress]]
+[[Category:Psychiatry]]
+{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
+{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Acute stress disorder risk factors: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 18:55, 16 February 2016

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