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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT [[Lisinopril#Adult Indications and Dosage]] |
| {{Lisinopril}}
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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AM}}
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| ==Dosage and Administration==
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| ====Hypertension====
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| ====Initial Therapy====
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| In patients with uncomplicated [[essential hypertension]] not on [[diuretic]] therapy, the recommended initial dose is 10 mg once a day. Dosage should be adjusted according to blood pressure response. The usual dosage range is 20 to 40 mg per day administered in a single daily dose. The antihypertensive effect may diminish toward the end of the dosing interval regardless of the administered dose, but most commonly with a dose of 10 mg daily. This can be evaluated by measuring blood pressure just prior to dosing to determine whether satisfactory control is being maintained for 24 hours. If it is not, an increase in dose should be considered. Doses up to 80 mg have been used but do not appear to give greater effect. If blood pressure is not controlled with lisinopril tablets alone, a low dose of a [[diuretic]] may be added. [[Hydrochlorothiazide]], 12.5 mg has been shown to provide an additive effect. After the addition of a diuretic, it may be possible to reduce the dose of lisinopril tablets.
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| ====Diuretic Treated Patients====
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| In hypertensive patients who are currently being treated with a [[diuretic]], symptomatic [[hypotension]] may occur occasionally following the initial dose of lisinopril tablets. The diuretic should be discontinued, if possible, for two to three days before beginning therapy with lisinopril tablets to reduce the likelihood of hypotension. The dosage of lisinopril tablets should be adjusted according to blood pressure response. If the patient's blood pressure is not controlled with lisinopril tablets alone, diuretic therapy may be resumed as described above.
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| If the diuretic cannot be discontinued, an initial dose of 5 mg should be used under medical supervision for at least two hours and until blood pressure has stabilized for at least an additional hour.
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| Concomitant administration of lisinopril tablets with potassium supplements, [[potassium]] salt substitutes, or [[potassium-sparing diuretics]] may lead to increases of serum potassium.
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| ====Dosage Adjustment in Renal Impairment====
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| The usual dose of lisinopril tablets (10 mg) is recommended for patients with [[creatinine clearance]] >30 mL/min (serum creatinine of up to approximately 3 mg/dL). For patients with creatinine clearance ≥10 mL/min ≤30 mL/min (serum creatinine ≥3 mg/dL), the first dose is 5 mg once daily. For patients with creatinine clearance <10 mL/min (usually on hemodialysis) the recommended initial dose is 2.5 mg. The dosage may be titrated upward until blood pressure is controlled or to a maximum of 40 mg daily.
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| ====Heart Failure====
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| Lisinopril tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy with diuretics and (usually) [[digitalis]]. The recommended starting dose is 5 mg once a day. When initiating treatment with lisinopril in patients with [[heart failure]], the initial dose should be administered under medical observation, especially in those patients with low blood pressure ([[systolic blood pressure]] below 100 mmHg). The mean peak blood pressure lowering occurs six to eight hours after dosing. Observation should continue until blood pressure is stable. The concomitant diuretic dose should be reduced, if possible, to help minimize [[hypovolemia]] which may contribute to [[hypotension]]. The appearance of hypotension after the initial dose of lisinopril tablets does not preclude subsequent careful dose titration with the drug, following effective management of the hypotension. The usual effective dosage range is 5 to 20 mg per day administered as a single daily dose. | |
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| ====Dosage Adjustment in Patients with Heart Failure and Renal Impairment or Hyponatremia====
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| In patients with heart failure who have [[hyponatremia]] (serum sodium <130 mEq/L) or moderate to severe renal impairment ([[creatinine clearance]] ≤30 mL/min or [[serum creatinine]] >3 mg/dL), therapy with lisinopril tablets should be initiated at a dose of 2.5 mg once a day under close medical supervision.
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| ====Acute Myocardial Infarction====
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| In hemodynamically stable patients within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms of [[acute myocardial infarction]], the first dose of lisinopril tablets is 5 mg given orally, followed by 5 mg after 24 hours, 10 mg after 48 hours and then 10 mg of lisinopril tablets once daily. Dosing should continue for six weeks. Patients should receive, as appropriate, the standard recommended treatments such as [[thrombolytics]], [[aspirin]], and [[beta-blockers]]. Patients with a low systolic blood pressure (≤120 mmHg) when treatment is started or during the first 3 days after the infarct should be given a lower 2.5 mg oral dose of lisinopril tablets. If [[hypotension]] occurs (systolic blood pressure ≤100 mmHg) a daily maintenance dose of 5 mg may be given with temporary reductions to 2.5 mg if needed. If prolonged hypotension occurs (systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg for more than 1 hour) lisinopril tablets should be withdrawn. For patients who develop symptoms of [[heart failure]].
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| ====Dosage Adjustment in Patients With Myocardial Infarction with Renal Impairment====
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| In [[acute myocardial infarction]], treatment with lisinopril tablets should be initiated with caution in patients with evidence of [[renal dysfunction]], defined as [[serum creatinine]] concentration exceeding 2 mg/dL. No evaluation of dosing adjustments in [[myocardial infarction]] patients with severe renal impairment has been performed.
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| ====Use in Elderly====
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| In general, blood pressure response and adverse experiences were similar in younger and older patients given similar doses of lisinopril tablets. Pharmacokinetic studies, however, indicate that maximum blood levels and area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) are doubled in older patients, so that dosage adjustments should be made with particular caution.
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| ====Pediatric Hypertensive Patients >6 years of age====
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| The usual recommended starting dose is 0.07 mg/kg once daily (up to 5 mg total). Dosage should be adjusted according to blood pressure response. Doses above 0.61 mg/kg (or in excess of 40 mg) have not been studied in pediatric patients.
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| Lisinopril is not recommended in pediatric patients < 6 years or in pediatric patients with [[glomerular filtration rate]] < 30 mL/ min/1.73m2.<ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = LISINOPRIL (LISINOPRIL) TABLET [LEK PHARMACEUTICALS] | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=27ccb2f4-abf8-4825-9b05-0bb367b4ac07 | publisher = | date = | accessdate = }}</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| {{FDA}}
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| [[Category:Cardiovascular Drugs]]
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| [[Category:Drugs]]
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