Carotid artery stenosis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Embolism]] of atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid is the most common mechanism of stroke in patients with carotid artery disease. [[Thrombosis]] of the cerebral arteries is also a possible, less common cause of stroke. | [[Embolism]] of [[atherosclerotic]] lesions in the carotid is the most common mechanism of [[stroke]] in patients with [[carotid artery disease]]. [[Thrombosis]] of the [[cerebral arteries]] is also a possible, less common cause of stroke. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
* [[Atherosclerosis|Atherosclerotic]] lesions are commonly located within 2 cm from the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, usually on the posterior wall of the artery. These plaques can extend caudally into the common carotid artery. | * [[Atherosclerosis|Atherosclerotic]] lesions are commonly located within 2 cm from the bifurcation of the common [[carotid artery]], usually on the posterior wall of the artery. These [[plaques]] can extend caudally into the [[common carotid artery]]. | ||
* The presence of atherosclerotic plaque is a risk for developing a stroke, regardless of its location. | * The presence of [[atherosclerotic plaque]] is a risk for developing a stroke, regardless of its location. | ||
* In addition to compromising the flow to the brain, the plaque can rupture and a superimposed [[thrombus]] can develop on the [[atheroma]] further exacerbating the stenosis. | * In addition to compromising the flow to the brain, the plaque can rupture and a superimposed [[thrombus]] can develop on the [[atheroma]] further exacerbating the [[stenosis]]. | ||
* The emboli then travels upstream until it lodges into a [[cerebral artery]] compromising blood supply to the associated territory. | * The [[emboli]] then travels upstream until it lodges into a [[cerebral artery]] compromising blood supply to the associated territory. | ||
===Transient Ischemic Attack=== | ===Transient Ischemic Attack=== | ||
* Low flow: brief, repetitive attacks | * Low flow: brief, repetitive attacks | ||
* Embolic: single, more prolonged episodes | * Embolic: single, more prolonged episodes | ||
===Total Occlusion=== | ===Total Occlusion=== | ||
* When the internal carotid artery is totally occluded, it can lead to slow flow or [[thrombosis]]. The severity of symptoms depend on the adequacy of the collateral circulation. | * When the [[internal carotid artery]] is totally occluded, it can lead to slow flow or [[thrombosis]]. The severity of symptoms depend on the adequacy of the collateral circulation. | ||
===Delayed Stroke=== | ===Delayed Stroke=== | ||
* Occurs many months after carotid occlusion | * Occurs many months after carotid occlusion | ||
* From propagation of the thrombus or embolization of the clot upstream | * From propagation of the [[thrombus]] or [[embolization]] of the clot upstream | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Cardiovascular diseases]] | [[Category:Cardiovascular diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Best pages]] | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:37, 30 January 2013
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Carotid artery stenosis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations |
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Periprocedural Management of Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy |
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Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Patients With Vertebral Artery Disease |
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Occlusive Disease of the Subclavian and Brachiocephalic Arteries |
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Case Studies |
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Carotid artery stenosis pathophysiology On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Carotid artery stenosis pathophysiology |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Carotid artery stenosis pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Embolism of atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid is the most common mechanism of stroke in patients with carotid artery disease. Thrombosis of the cerebral arteries is also a possible, less common cause of stroke.
Pathophysiology
- Atherosclerotic lesions are commonly located within 2 cm from the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, usually on the posterior wall of the artery. These plaques can extend caudally into the common carotid artery.
- The presence of atherosclerotic plaque is a risk for developing a stroke, regardless of its location.
- In addition to compromising the flow to the brain, the plaque can rupture and a superimposed thrombus can develop on the atheroma further exacerbating the stenosis.
- The emboli then travels upstream until it lodges into a cerebral artery compromising blood supply to the associated territory.
Transient Ischemic Attack
- Low flow: brief, repetitive attacks
- Embolic: single, more prolonged episodes
Total Occlusion
- When the internal carotid artery is totally occluded, it can lead to slow flow or thrombosis. The severity of symptoms depend on the adequacy of the collateral circulation.
Delayed Stroke
- Occurs many months after carotid occlusion
- From propagation of the thrombus or embolization of the clot upstream