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| {{Amnesia}}
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| {{CMG}} ; {{AOEIC}}{{ADI}}
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| ==Overview==
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| It is critical to perform a formal and exhaustive assessment of the patient to look for any indications of memory disorders and to hear any subjective complaints. With this information, preventative measures and care can be specifically addressed to the patient's needs.
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| ==Presenting Symptoms==
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| Symptoms of memory loss vary from person to person, but can include: forgetting dates and names; beginning a task but then forgetting the purpose of it; getting lost easily; repeating things over and over again, sometimes in the same conversation; and having difficulties performing familiar tasks such as driving or baking. Symptoms usually occur gradually and may vary in intensity depending on the cause of the condition.
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| Confusion or decreased [[alertness]] may be the first symptom of memory loss and may indicate a serious illness, particularly in older adults.<ref>[http://health.yahoo.com/alzheimers-overview/confusion-memory-loss-and-altered-alertness/healthwise--confu.htmlConfusion, Memory Loss, and Altered Alertness]Retrieved on 2010-03-10</ref>
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| Some patients may have problems mixing up or remembering words for objects or can have trouble understanding or taking part in a conversation. Being unable to make a simple decision can suggest that something is not working as it should and [[medical advice]] should be sought.
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| Whether an individual suffers from memory loss is not solely decided based on symptoms. In order to diagnose the condition, a doctor will obtain a detailed medical history of the patient. The patient will also undergo several [[Neuropsychology|neuropsychological]] tests that will focus on his or her memory functions. Several other medical exams such as an [[electroencephalography]], an [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]], or a [[X-ray computed tomography|CT scan]] can be performed in order to establish an accurate diagnosis.
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| ==History to be obtained==
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| Medical history questions may include:
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| *Type
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| :*Can the person remember recent events (is there impaired short-term memory)?
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| :*Can the person remember events from further in the past (is there impaired long-term memory)?
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| :*Is there a loss of memory about events that occurred before a specific experience (anterograde amnesia)?
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| :*Is there a loss of memory about events that occurred soon after a specific experience (retrograde amnesia)?
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| :*Is there only a minimal loss of memory?
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| :*Does the person make up stories to cover gaps in memory (confabulation)?
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| :*Is the person suffering from low moods that impair concentration?
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| *Time pattern
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| :*Has the memory loss been getting worse over the years?
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| :*Has the memory loss been developing over weeks or months?
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| :*Is the memory loss present all the time or are there distinct episodes of amnesia?
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| :*If there are amnesia episodes, how long do they last?
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| *Aggravating or triggering factors
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| :*Has there been a head injury in the recent past?
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| :*Has the person experienced an event that was emotionally traumatic?
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| :*Has there been a surgery or procedure requiring general anesthesia?
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| :*Does the person use alcohol? How much?
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| :*Does the person use illicit drugs? How much? What type?
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| *Other symptoms
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| :*What other symptoms does the person have?
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| :*Is the person confused or disoriented?
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| :*Can they independently eat, dress, and perform similar self-care activities?
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| :*Have they had seizures?
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WS}}
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