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| {{Cardiology overview}} | | {{Cardiology overview}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}} |
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| ==Causes==
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| *In general, [[obstructive sleep apnea]] does not cause sufficiently elevated pulmonary pressures to cause PAH
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| (In Alphabetical Order)
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| * [[ High altitude sickness|High Altitude(chronically)]]
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| * Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins
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| * [[Atrial Septal Defects]]
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| * [[Bronchiectasis]]
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| * [[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]]
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| * [[Cholesterol ester storage disease]]
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| * Chronic [[hemolytic anemia]]
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| * [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
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| * Chronic [[renal failure]] on [[dialysis]]
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| * [[Churg-Strauss syndrome]]
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| * [[Coal workers' pneumoconiosis]]
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| * [[Cor triatriatum]]
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| * [[Cystic fibrosis]]
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| * [[ Diastolic heart failure|Diastolic dysfunction]].
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| * [[Diethylpropion]]
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| * [[Fallot tetralogy]]
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| * [[Fetal circulation, persistent]]
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| * [[Fibrosing Mediastinitis|Fibrosing mediastinitis]]
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| * [[Gaucher disease]]
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| * [[Glycogen storage diseases]]
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| * [[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]]
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| * [[Scoliosis|Idiopathic spinal scoliosis]]
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| * Indian familial childhood cirrhosis
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| * [[Interstitial Lung Disease]]
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| * [[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]
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| * [[Mitral valve insufficiency]]
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| * [[Mitral valve stenosis]]
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| * Monocrotaline poisoning
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| * [[Myeloproliferative disorders]]
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| * [[Neurofibromatosis]]
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| * [[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
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| * [[Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria]]
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| * [[Phentermine]] poisoning
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| * [[Pickwickian syndrome]]
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| * [[Portal hypertension]]
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| * [[Polycythemia vera]]
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| * Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis
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| * Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis
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| * [[Pulmonary embolism]]
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| * [[Pulmonary fibrosis]]
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| * [[Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease]]
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| * [[Sarcoidosis]]
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| * [[Schistosoma japonicum]]
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| * [[Schistosoma mansoni]]
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| * [[Sickle cell disease]]
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| * [[Splenectomy]]
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| * [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
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| * [[Systolic dysfunction]]
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| * [[Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia]]
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| * [[Vasculitis]]
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| * [[Ventricular septal defect]]
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| * In primary pulmonary hypertension the [[pulmonary artery]] diastolic pressure is much higher than the [[pulmonary capillary wedge pressure]].
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| * If the pulmonary hypertension is due to left-sided heart failure, and the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure in the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure will be similar.
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| * In the cardiac catheterization laboratory, inhaled nitric oxide is administered to determine if the pulmonary vasculature is still reactive or if the obstructionist fixed.
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| * It is to get dangerous to give nifedipine IV as a test. This could lead to a dangerous episode of [[hypotension]].
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| ==Treatment==
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| ===First-Line Therapies===
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| * First-line therapies or type I pulmonary hypertension or world of organization class to pulmonary hypertension include [[bosentan]], [[ambrisentan]] and Viagra
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| ===Calcium Channel Blockade===
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| * [[Nifedipine]] can be used in these patients, but should not be given to patients who are not reactive to inhaled nitric oxide as it will not work in that scenario.
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| === Advanced Pulmonary Hypertension===
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| * The prostaglandins can be useful in these patients and include [[epoprosterol]] and [[iloprost]].
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| ==References== | | ==References== |