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===Famous Cases===
== Irritable Bowel Syndrome ==
The following are a few famous cases of narcolepsy:
{{WikiDoc CMG}}{{AE|AE=}}{{MWH}}


'''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' Spastic colon, functional bowel disorder, IBS
*'''Jimmy Kimmel''', American late-night talk show host, actor, producer, comedian, and writer
<br />
*'''Harold M. Ickes''', former deputy White House chief of staff for President Bill Clinton and a leading figure in the His administration's [[healthcare]] reform initiative
*'''Arthur Lowe''', a British actor who played iconic Captain Mainwaring in the British sitcom ''Dad's Army''
*'''Nastassja Aglaia Kinski''', German actress, and former model
*'''George M. Church''', molecular geneticist, molecular engineer, and chemist, who is a Professor of Genetics and Professor of Health Sciences at Harvard
*'''Teresa Nielsen Hayden''', American science fiction editor, fanzine writer, and essayist who has a famous weblog, named Making Light
*'''Franck Bouyer''', French former road racing cyclist who was unable to compete or train without treatment with Modafinil
*'''Gabe Barham''', former Drummer for American post-hardcore band Sleeping With Sirens
*'''Jinkx Monsoon''' (real name is Jerick Hoffer), Seattle Drag Queen, stage performer, comedian and singer who is the winner of the fifth season of ''RuPaul's Drag Race''
*'''Aaron Flahavan''', former English (Portsmouth) football Goalkeeper
*'''Paul Gonsalves''', Jazz tenor saxophonist


== Historical Perspective ==
<br />__NOTOC__
Irritable Bowel syndrome (IBS) was first mentioned in the Rocky Mountain Medical Journal in 1950. IBS was described as a psychosomatic disorder, not explained by any biochemical or structural abnormalities. Apley and Nash conducted a famous study on 1000 children in Bristol, United Kingdom and were the first to describe recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) as the predominant feature of IBS. In 1978, the first diagnostic criteria i.e. the Manning criteria was described. It did not specify any required duration for the symptoms of IBS. The subsequent criteria saw a reduction in the required duration of symptoms to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. In Rome in 1995, an international group of gastroenterologist defined the diagnostic criteria for IBS and this was published in 1999 under the title of the Rome II criteria. This criteria underwent modification and was described as the Rome III criteria. Since June 2016, the criteria being followed is the Rome IV criteria.
 
=== Discovery ===
 
* In 1950, the concept of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was mentioned for the first time without the recognition of any particular etiology, in the ''Rocky Mountain Medical Journal.''
* IBS was described as a psychosomatic disorder, not explained by any biochemical or structural abnormalities.
* In 1958, Apley and Nash conducted a study on 1000 children in Bristol, United Kingdom and were the first to describe Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), as the predominant feature of IBS.
* Recurrent abdominal pain was defined as pain in the abdomen occurring over a duration of at least 3 months, with the severity enough to cause significant impairment of function.<br />
<references />
 
== Classificatiion ==
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may be classified according to Rome IV criteria into 4 sub-types based on predominant type of bowel habits:
 
* IBS with predominant constipation
* IBS with predominant diarrhea
* IBS with mixed bowel habits:
** Alternating patterns of stool passage which is not in conjuncture with the normal bowel movements.
* IBS unclassified:
** Patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for IBS but whose bowel habits do not fit into any of the above subtypes.
 
* Post infectious IBS (PI-IBS):
** Post-infectious IBS is an additional sub-type that is acute in onset and occurs subsequent to an infectious illness of the gastrointestinal tract. Post-infectious IBS is characterized by two or more of the following:
*** Vomiting
*** Fever
*** Positive stool culture
*** Diarrhea
 
<br />
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Subtype
!Hard or Lumpy Stools
!Soft (Mushy) or Watery Stools
|-
|IBS with Constipation
|≥ 25 percent
|≤ 25 percent
|-
|IBS with Diarrhea
|≤ 25 percent
|≥ 25 percent
|-
|Mixed IBS
|≥ 25 percent
|≥ 25 percent
|-
|Unsubtyped IBS
|colspan="3" align="center"| Insufficient abnormality of stool consistency to meet criteria for IBS with constipation, diarrhea or mixed sub types
|}
 
== Pathophysiology ==
 
=== Pathogenesis ===
IBS occurs as a result of an interplay between four main factors:
 
{{Family tree/start}}
{{Family tree||||||||||CNS dysregulation and psychosocial factors||||||||}}
{{Family tree||||||||||!||||||||}}
{{Family tree|Intrinsic gastrointestinal factors:
• Motor abnormalities
• Visceral hypersensitivity
• Immune activation and mucosal inflammation
• Altered gut microbiota
• Abnormal serotonin pathways||||||||Irritable Bowel Syndrome||||||||Genetic Factors:
• Twin concordance
• Familial aggregation
• Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
• TNF polymorphism|}}
{{Family tree||||||||||!||||||||}}
{{Family tree||||||||||!||||||||}}
{{Family tree||||||||||Environmental factors:
•Diet
•Infections||||||||}}
{{Family tree||||||||||||||||||}}
{{Family tree||||||||||||||||||}}
{{Family tree/end}}

Latest revision as of 17:01, 14 August 2020

Famous Cases

The following are a few famous cases of narcolepsy:

  • Jimmy Kimmel, American late-night talk show host, actor, producer, comedian, and writer
  • Harold M. Ickes, former deputy White House chief of staff for President Bill Clinton and a leading figure in the His administration's healthcare reform initiative
  • Arthur Lowe, a British actor who played iconic Captain Mainwaring in the British sitcom Dad's Army
  • Nastassja Aglaia Kinski, German actress, and former model
  • George M. Church, molecular geneticist, molecular engineer, and chemist, who is a Professor of Genetics and Professor of Health Sciences at Harvard
  • Teresa Nielsen Hayden, American science fiction editor, fanzine writer, and essayist who has a famous weblog, named Making Light
  • Franck Bouyer, French former road racing cyclist who was unable to compete or train without treatment with Modafinil
  • Gabe Barham, former Drummer for American post-hardcore band Sleeping With Sirens
  • Jinkx Monsoon (real name is Jerick Hoffer), Seattle Drag Queen, stage performer, comedian and singer who is the winner of the fifth season of RuPaul's Drag Race
  • Aaron Flahavan, former English (Portsmouth) football Goalkeeper
  • Paul Gonsalves, Jazz tenor saxophonist


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